192 LOUISBURG—-PAST AND PRESENT. 

HONEYMAN. 
Philip the Duke of Orleans became Regent. It was during his 
regency that the French were engaged in laying the foundation 
of the City and Fortress Louisburg, in the year 1718. 
The first Governor of Cape Breton and Louisburg was M’de 
Costabelle, who was transferred from Placentia Bay, Newfound- 
land, when it was given up to Great Britain by the Treaty of 
Utrecht, With him were transferred the French inhabitants of 
Placentia Bay. These, with others from France, Canada and 
Acadia, formed the first population of Louisburg. 
In the year 1723 the regent died, and Louis XV. assumed the 
reins of power, while only fourteen years of age. 
In 1727 George I. died, and George II. succeeded him. At 
this time the Governor of Louisburg was M. de St. Ovide, who 
had been lieutenant du Roi under M. de Costelello. 
In 1732, Louisburg was considered to be almost impregnable ; 
about 30,000,000 livres, or 7,500,000 dollars, had been expended 
on its works. It hada strong citadel, and several other forts 
and batteries, well mounted with cannon. 
In 1744, the garrison consisted of 600 regulars and 800 militia, 
At this time wars arose in Europe; thus, Maria Theresa, of 
Austria, had succeeded her father, the Emperor Charles VIL, in 
1740, but the Elector of Bavaria was made Emperor Charles 
VII., at Frankfort, in 1742, and claimed the Austrian possessions. 
The King of France took the part of the Elector, while George 
II. aided Maria Theresa. France and Great Britain were thus 
ranged on opposite sides. War was consequently declared by 
France against England, and England against France, in 1744. 
Duquesnel, who was then Governor of Louisburg, received inti- 
mation of the declaration of war two months before it was 
received in Boston, and immediately commenced hostilities. He 
sent M. de Vivier, with armed ships and 900 men, to Canseau, 
which was captured without opposition, and the inhabitants, 
who capitulated on certain conditions, were taken prisoners to 
Louisburg. 
CITY AND FORTIFICATIONS OF LOUISBURG, IN 1745. 
Looking at the chart before me, we are reminded somewhat of 
the City of Paris, inclosed within its fortifications. Qur plan is 
