128 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [FEB. 27 
The following were elected officers for the year 1893-1894 : 
President—H. Carrington Bolton. 
Ist Vice-President—J. A. Allen. 
2d Vice-President—Henry F. Osborn. 
Corresponding Secretary—Thomas L. Casey. 
Recording Secretary—N. L. Britton. 
Treasurer—Charles F, Cox. 
Librarian—James F. Kemp. 
Councilors—O. P. Hubbard, Harold Jacoby, A. A. Julien, 
D.S. Martin, J. K. Rees, R. P. Whitfield. 
Curators—Bashford Dean, Arthur Hollick, G. F. Kunz, John 
Tatlock, Jr., H. T. Vulté. 
Finance Committee—Henry Dudley, J. H. Hinton, Seth Low. 
The following paper was then presented : 
PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRY AS DEPICTED IN 
APPARATUS AND LABORATORIES. 
“BY H. CARRINGTON BOLTON, 
(Abstract. ) 
From the very earliest times many arts were practiced 
involving chemical operations, such as working in metals, 
purification of natural salts for pharmacy, ete., dyeing of cloths 
and the preparation of pigments, brewing of fermented liquors, 
etc.; hence we find that long before chemistry became a science, 
even before it became inoculated with the virus of alchemy, 
furnaces and apparatus of earthenware, metal and glass, 
adapted to special work, were in common use. 
The important adjuncts to laboratory utensils for the mechani- 
cal operations of pulverizing, grinding, sifting, etc., and the 
use of scales in a general way, date from the very beginnings 
of human industry ; these we disregard in the main and confine 
our study to apparatus more strictly adapted to chemical 
operations. 
In tracing the progress of chemistry by reviewing the forms 
and variety of apparatus used at different periods, we do not 
attempt to establish definitely the date of introduction of a 
given instrument except in a few instances to be noted in their 
