114 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [pEc. 11, 
their mode of connection with the ureter, another point where 
much discrepancy exists in the published accounts, the corrosion 
preparation of the right kidney (Figs. III. and IV.) gives the 
best information. Fig. III. shows the corrosion of the ureter 
and renal artery in the ventral and Fig. IV. in the dorsal view. 
The ureter, after dilating into a moderate sized pyriform 
pelvis, divides dichotomously at an angle of about 35° into two 
main branches, or primary calyces, each of which again subdiv- 
ides into two at about the same angle as in the primary bifurca- 
tion of the ureter (85°). The upper primary calvx carries on 
its superior subdivision two closely united secondary or ter- 
minal calyces, the lower subdivision presenting also two sec- 
ondary calyces, one apical, the other lateral. 
The inferior and somewhat larger primary calyx divides into 
two short branches, each of these again subdividing into two sec- 
ondary terminal calyces. 
The entire number of terminal calyces is therefore eight, ar- 
ranged in conformity with the fact that the greatest bulk of the 
organ is placed at the caudal pole, as indicated by the close 
apposition of the calyces in the two cephalic pair, compared with 
the wider separation of the calyces forming the two caudal pair. 
Miall and Greenwood describe a separate calyx for each of 
their five lobes, and state* that ‘the calices of the three anterior 
lobes united to form a common canal, which, after a course of 
about three inches was joined by a similar tube formed by the 
union of the two posterior calices. Here the ureter was much 
dilated.” 
An examination of our specimens shows that without resort 
to the demonstration by corrosion, it would be extremely diffi- 
cult to determine the actual number of terminal calyces on ac- 
count of their close juxtaposition and the small size of the fornix. 
Especially is this true of the calyces attached to the cephalic 
primary division of the ureter. It is possible, that Miall and 
Greenwood’s examination, after the ordinary method, failed to 
reveal quite accurately the actual number of calyces. The eight 
secondary calyces of our six-lobed specimen were arranged in 
such a manner that the close opposition of the calyces in the 
two cephalic pair would, perhaps, without examination by cor- 
rosion, have led to the erroneous counting of six secondary 
calyces, by regarding the two cephalic pair as single calyces, 
thus agreeing with the surface division into lobes. The actual 
condition, however, indicates the original eight-lobed composi- 
tion of the kidney, the surface markings being reduced in the 
usual manner in the course of further development to six. 
* Loe. cit p. 67. 
