228 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [may 21, 
The sand is stratified, and in a clean exposure on the roadway 
down its eastern slope the stratification dips 15° east. The hill 
slopes down to the wood-encircled sheet of water called Long 
or Rattlesnake Pond. Thereis a similar drift mountain with 
broad level top and steep sloping sides, like the last, in the north- 
western corner of Essex. There is more gravel with the sand 
here than in the other hill. Another delta deposit at an altitude 
of 525 feet above lake level, is just over the Willsboro’ line, north 
of ‘the latter. It is chiefly of coarse gravel, underlain by a gray 
sandy clay bed, containing fragments of decomposed leaves. 
Champlain clays. Underlying the gravel on the shore of Row- 
ley Bay, is a bed of blue clay four feet thick above lake level, 
and running down under the water. To taste and touch this 
clay is unusually smooth and is also very plastic. It contains 
no grit or shells. 
At acurve of the Boquet just over the township boundary 
(170 on the map), at the foot of a sand bank 20 feet high, is a 
clay bed three to six feet thick. The clay is very plastic, but 
slightly gritty to the taste. Near the foot of the porphyry cliff 
at the head of Whallon’s Bay is another blue clay bed (91 on the 
map), lying at the base of the drift. This was the only clay bed 
found to contain fossils. Saxicava rugosa was the only shell 
which could be identified, but I found numerous purplish frag- 
ments resembling decomposed mother-of-pearl disseminated 
through the clay, which, owing to its exceedingly plastic condi- 
tion and the greatly decomposed state of the latter remains, 
prevented the succesful removal of other recognizable species. 
The “small pieces of lignite on the farm of Mr. Whallon,” which 
Emmons mentions*, were doubtless in these clays. 
By the roadside at the crossing of the brook, just west of this 
blue clay, is a bed of brown clay; and another is found at the 
head of Willsboro’ Bay. 
Prof. Hitchcock + found the blue clays of the Vermont side 
to be charactized by Leda portlandica ( Yoldia arctica Gray), 
and the red clays, by Macoma fusca (M. groenlandica Beck), 
Saxicava rugosa and Mya arenaria ; these were in all cases asso- 
ciated with sand deltas. Similar delta terraces near the town of 
Elizabeth, southwest of Essex, are noted by Mr. H. Ries,} to be 
composed of sand and cobbles up to six inches diameter, consis- 
ting of norites and gabbros, at the base of which is a reddish 
clay. Mr. Ries states§ ‘that the clay beds along Lake Cham- 
* P, 286. 
+ C. H. Hircucock: Geology of Ve mont, 1861, I: pp. 93-167, with map. 
{ H. Ries: A Pl tet econe Lake Bed at Elizabethtown, Essex Co.,N. Y. Trans. 
N. Y. Acad. Sci. XIII: 107. 
STE Notes on the clays of New York State and their economic value. 
Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. XII.: Dec., 1892. 
