10 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [oct. 15, 
Geology of Martha’s Vineyard,’* argues for the hypothesis of 
mountain making forces in order to account for the distortions 
of the Cretaceous and Tertiary Strata on that island and has 
further reiterated his views in papers read before the Goole 
Society of America.+ 
During the time that Prof. Shaler was engaged in making his 
investigations on Martha’s Vineyard, I had been studying the 
phenomena of folding and upheaval represented in the coastal 
plain strata, in connection with the terminal moraine on Staten 
Island and Long Island, and the conclusion to which I was 
irresistibly driven was that these phenomena were to be ac- 
counted for on the theory of ice action alone, as first suggested 
by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill.{ From Prof. Shaler’s report I was 
also led to infer that a like explanation could be applied to the 
conditions found to exist on Martha's Vineyard, and the opinion 
expressed by Mr. Warren Upham in this connection § further 
strengthened the idea. These sto were publence by me in 
several papers rel and after 
a subsequent visit to Martha’s eyiiosad I became convinced of 
their correctness as applied to that locality also, and published 
my conclusions to that effect.{]- Further investigations made 
since then, on Long Island, Staten Island, Gardiner’s Island and 
in northern New Jersey, hive brought to light several new 
facts which seem to strengthen those previously made, and we 
are now in a Beas to state, as beyond question, that the line 
* Seventh Ann. Rept. U. S. G. S. (1885-86) 297-363. 
71. ‘‘ Tertiary and pe TES ARE of Eastern Massachusetts,”’ Bull. Geol. Soe. 
Am. 1. (1890) 443-452. 
2. “Pleistocene Distortions of the Atlantic Coast,” J. ¢. v. (1894) 199-202. 
t1, ‘‘On the Geology of Long Island,’”’ Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. iii. (1886) 341-364. 
Vide pp, 358, 359, ‘ “We find the stratified gravels, sands and clays upheaved by the 
lateral pressure of the ice sheet and thrown intoa series of marked folds at right 
angles to the line of glacial advance.’ 
2, ‘On some dynamic effects of the ice sheet,”’ Proc. Am. Assn. Adv. Sci. xxxy. (1886) 
298, 299, in describing the morainal ridges of Long Island, Block Island, Martha’s Vine- 
yard, ete., he says: ‘‘ They differ from moraines elsewhere in the fact that there is but 
little glacial drift on them and their elevation is almost everywhere dependent on the 
existence of anticlinal folds in the stratified beds which coincide with the morainal 
ridges. That these folds have been produced by the lateral thrust of the ice sheet we can- 
not doubt, since their general trend is at right angles to the direction of glacial motion 
* * * * * and they do not occur south of the southern range of morainal hills.” 
‘‘Marine Shells and Fragments of Shells in the Till near Boston,’’ Am. Journ. Sci. 
EXXV li. (1889) 359, 372 
Vide p. 370: “To such glacial thrust and uplifting I would attribute likewise the 
tilted condition of the beds forming the base of Sankoty Head and the elevation of the 
included layers of shells. More than this, I believe that the same cause will account 
for the elevation and folding of the w onderful section of steeply inclined Miocene 
strata which underlie the terminal moraine in Gay Head.” 
\ 1. “The Paleontology of the Cretaceous Formation on Staten Island,” Trans. N. Y., 
Acad. Sci. xi. (1892) 96-103. : 
2. * Plant Distribution as a Factor in the Interpretation of Geological Phenomena, 
with Special Reference to Long Island and Vicinity,” Z. ¢., xii. (1893) 189-202. 
4 ‘‘Observations on the Geology and Botany of Martha’s Vineyard,” /. ¢. xiii. (1893) 
8-22. 
