20 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [oct. 2 
previously quoted, that the earlier observers in Europe were 
unable to consider any other than orogenic forces in order to 
account for similar distortions there. They were either in 
ignorance of or else had not been educated up to a full apprecia- 
tion of the Ice Age and the magnitude of its phenomena. The 
practical unanimity of opinion both here and abroad in assum- 
ing ice action as the agency which was instrumental in produc- 
ing these effects seems now, however, to be assured. 
In the discussion that followed, Mr. H. Ries referred to the 
heavy crumpling of the upper portion of the clays on Fisher’s 
Island, which is due to the ice of the glacial period. The dis- 
turbed portions are in places mixed with the boulder till, which 
caps the section with a thickness of 15-20 ft. Mention was 
also made of local crumplings in single layers from overlying 
weights and landslides. Dr. Julien spoke of a horizontal bed 
of pre-glacial oyster shells beneath Nantucket. 
Professor Whitfield cited local crumplings in the clays at 
Albany, N. Y., due to the weight of a tree growing above them, 
or to a bowlder resting on them, these being marked when the 
clay rested on yielding sands. 
The last paper of the evening was by Mr. Gilbert van Ingen, A 
Sketch of the Cambrian Strata near St. John, N. B. 
The paper was illustrated by maps, photographs and numer- 
‘ous specimens of fossils. After a brief discussion the Academy 
adjourned. 
J. F. Kemp, Recording Secretary. 
StaTED MEETING. 
October 22d, 1894. 
Professor H. F. Ossorn in the Chair; an attendance of 
thirty. 
The following papers were read by title for publication in the 
Annals. 
