52 TRANSACTIONS OF THE’ [Nov. 12, 
The generalized condition of tubercles in the first larval stage 
of the higher families is like the mature condition in the lower 
ones, except that throughout tubercle vi. is lacking on the ab- 
dominal segments. It thus appears that this tubercle is a 
secondary one, which I had not suspected from the study of the 
mature larva alone. The primitive arrangement of the five 
primary setz is represented in the accompanying cut (Fig. 3). 
Fig. 3. SEGMENT OF Wisoniades icelus IN First LARVAL STAGE SHOW- 
ING THE PRIMITIVE ARRANGEMENT OF SET. 
Curiously, the most generalized condition is exhibited in the 
first stage of the Butterflies (Rhopalocera). This is to be 
accounted for by the fact which was brought out by a compari- 
son of the first stage of such genera as Danais and Grapta with 
their later stages, namely, that the armature of the Butterfly 
larva is not developed mainly from the primary tubercles, but 
almost entirely independently of them.* Thus their tubercles 
have remained in the primitive condition, and generally wholly 
disappear at the first molt. 
The primitive arrangement of the sete is subject to certain 
displacements which are of a rank greater than that of the 
family. I have alluded, in my previous paper on this subject, 
to the separation into Generalized and Specialized Frenatz. 
This can not now be retained; but from a consideration of the 
first larval stage in conjunction with the later stages, I believe 
that a series of superfamilies + can be satisfactorily defined. 
This is as far as the classification from the arrangement of the 
*This is shown beautifully in Dr. W. Miiller’s plates (Pl. xii. Figs. 2 and 4) in his article 
on the larve of South American Nymphalide (Zoologische Jahrbticher 1886, pp. 417- 
678), and he clearly states the fact on page 673: ‘‘Wiirzchen secundiirer Borsten (Dornen 
der Nymphaline).” This valuable confirmation of my views was not met with till 
after the present article was completed. 
7\Or tribes in the sense in which this term is employed in Claus & Sedgwick’s ‘‘ Ele 
mentary text book of Zodlogy.”’ 
