1895. ] NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 105 
The details of these investigations and results are contained 
in a series of articles in the Transactions of the Royal Society 
of Canada and in other periodicals; and as far as the series of 
Life Zones are concerned may be summarized as follows (in de- 
scending order): 
( Band d Fauna of Tetragraptus quadribranchiatus. 
Division 3. ‘* Dietyonema flabelliformis. 
Bretonian. eg ‘*  « Peltura scarabeoides. 
v “ * Parabolina spinulosa. 
=e RE Re “ Lingulella radula place of the 
Division 2. 6 Ci (ee Starri FS 
3 Starri Olenus Fauna. 
Johannian. Ae “ ‘x 
a3 
ce 
“e 
“<  “ Paradoxides Abenacus cf. Tessini. 
eal Be Eteminicus cf. rugulosus. 
oe a eel 2 lamellatus ef. oelandicus. 
“6b ‘  “* PRoOTOLENUS. (found in b 2 and b 3.) 
‘“* a No fauna known. 
St. John Group. 
ware Qrera0oaos 
Division 1. 
Acadian. 
— —-'-——, —{ - 
Beneath the St. John group is an older set of strata (Etche- 
minian), which formerly the author was disposed to think might 
contain the Olenellus Fauna, a fauna which, according to Wal- 
cott, is spread through a great thickness of beds in certain 
parts of the Cambrian deposits in the western part of North 
America. This, however, does not appear to have been the case 
on the eastern borders of that continent, either in Massachus- 
setts or Newfoundland, but like Paradoxides and Protolenus it 
occupies a comparatively thin zone. We suppose therefore that 
the mass of sediments directly below the St. John group is actu- 
ally Pre-Cambrian. 
In Newfoundland this underlying series or terrane present, 
precisely the same appearance as in New Brunswick, except 
that in some districts it is more calcareous. In both coun- 
tries it is composed of a great thickness of red and green or 
greenish gray slates or shales, very uniform in appearance and 
having but a meagre fauna, mostly animals of a low type of 
structure, as Protozoans, Brachiopods, Echinoderms ? and Mol- 
luses ; worm burrows and trails being plentiful in the coarser 
beds. In } Yew Brunswick there is a definite base of conglomer- 
ates to this series, but in Newfoundland the base has not been 
shown. Olenellus having been found in Newfoundland above 
this series, the series is there clearly Pre-Cambrian. 
The Olenellus Zone, though diligently sought for, has not yet 
been recognized in New Brunswick. About ten years ago two 
trilobites in an imperfect condition, even as regards the head- 
shields, were found in the Pre- Paradoxides beds, and several 
smaller crustaceans, as well as brachiopods and other fossils, but 
