1895.] NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 107 
Hanford Brook. This stream runs at right angles to the strike 
of the beds for a considerable distance, and exposes the whole 
Paleozoic base, from the oldest conglomerates of the Etchemin- 
ian series to the Upper Paradoxides beds. It thus includes the 
Protolenus Zone. and shows clearly the relation of this zone 
both to the overlying Paradoxides beds, and the underlying 
barren sandstone which is at the base of the St. John group; 
and thus also its relation to the still older, unconformable, Etche- 
minian series. 
The Paleozoic rocks, of which the above series is the lowest 
member in this region of the world, rest upon a great series of 
voleanic rocks—lava flows, ashes and breccias which are spread 
over a wide extent of country in this part of New Brunswick. 
When the Etcheminian deposits began, areas of these volcanic 
rocks, and of older clastics, were above the sea and furnished 
the necessary materials for the conglomerates which form the 
base of the Etcheminian. These conglomerates are composed 
partly of the debris of the volcanic rocks, but largelv of rolled 
quartz pebbles which have been derived from the quartz veins 
of the earlier clastics—Huronian and Laurentian, of which ex- 
posures now exist to the north and northeast of Hanford Brook. 
Happily, the exposures along this stream are complete, so 
that the St. John group (lower part) can be traced down to its 
base in the barren sandstone, a, and the older Etcheminian to 
its base in the conglomerates mentioned above. The relative 
position of the Protolenus Fauna is readily apprehended by an 
examination of this section. (See page 108.) 
Explorations made by Mr. J. P. Howley, Director of the Geo- 
logical Survey of Newfoundland during the past summer, have 
revealed the presence there of a series of Paleeozoic deposits 
similar to that on Hanford Brook, but of greater thickness. 
The Etcheminian Series is found there as a thick deposit of red 
slates occurring along the shore of Random Sound, and over- 
lain by a sandstone band which, with the accompanying shales, 
are equivalent to the section on Manuel Brook containing Ole- 
nellus and Paradoxides. Here also is found, what has not here- 
tofore been discovered in eastern North America, except at St. 
John, viz.: a clear succession of beds from the Lower to the Up- 
per Cambrian. In the latter were found the Oleni referred to 
on & previous page. 
These Olenus beds in their micaceous surfaces present a con- 
dition parallel to that of the strata of Division 2 of the St. 
John Group; and there is great reason to suppose that a simi- 
larity of physical conditions prevailed over an extensive region 
along the Atlantic coast of North America in Etcheminian and 
