1881. 35 Tetanss. NG VtAesSez. 
Ficure 4.—Thyroid Cartilage of Adult. Horizontal Section x 1200. 
C. Cartilage corpuscle. B. Hyaline basis-substance. G. Granules of living matter. 
1857 Leydig had declared the “cell” to consist only of a soft substance 
enclosing a nucleus. Certainly, twenty years ago it was proved beyond 
dispute by Max Schultze, Beale, Heckel, and others, that what was 
called a “cell’” was not a vesicle, but essentially a jelly-like lump of 
living matter characterized by the presence of a nucleus; soon after, 
Robin, Briicke, Kiihne, Stricker, and others, conclusively showed that 
not even a nucleus is an essential constituent of an elementary organ- 
ism; and biologists were compelled to transfer the power of manifest- 
ing vital properties to “living matter,” instead of restricting this power 
to any definite form-element. As long ago as in 1861, Briicke proposed 
to discontinue the use of the word “cell’’ as being a misnomer and 
misleading, and offered as a substitute the expression “ elementary 
organism.” Beale proposed, instead, the term “‘ bioplast” to designate 
any definite mass of living matter, and Heckel the term “plastid.” 
From the latter I devised the word “plastidule,’’ as synonymous with 
ultimate molecule of the substance of living matter. Elementary living 
matter is called with Dujardin “ sarcode,” or with Von Mohl “ proto- 
plasm,” or with Beale ‘“‘bioplasm,”’ or, still better (because it is a 
designation etymologically more nearly meaning living, forming matter), 
