1882. 167 Trans. N. Y. Ac. Scz. 
sloth, the jumping kangaroo, the swinging monkey and the swift run- 
ning quadrupeds. 
The arms and legs of the running mammals are highly developed, 
and the mechanical construction and action of the parts are beautiful 
and wonderful. The muscles of the body are largely grouped about 
the shoulders and hips. 
The arms are usually straight, but in the swifter animals, as the deer 
and horse, the legs are considerably bent. In the elephant the legs are 
straight columns supporting the huge body. 
The normal number of phalanges is five, but there is great vari- 
ation. The hoofed quadrupeds may have three, as the rhinoceros : 
two, as the ruminants: or one, as the horse. Some mammals walk 
on the whole sole of the foot, as the bear and man, termed planti- 
grade ; others on the toes, as the cat and dog, digitigrade ; while the 
foot of the seal is termed pinnigrade, and the hoofed quadrupeds, un- 
gulate. 
May 15, 1882. 
LECTURE EVENING. 
The President, Dr. J. S. NEWBERRY, in the Chair. 
The hall was filled by a large audience. 
The closing lecture of the monthly course for the season was 
delivered by Prof. H. Carrincron Botton, Ph. D., of Trinity 
College, Hartford, Conn., on the subject of 
GLACIERS. 
The lecturer treated of the chief glacier regions, especially those of 
the Alps, of the various physical phenomena presented by them, of the 
several theories of ice motion, and of personal experiences in travelling 
among glaciers, illustrating the whole with a varied and striking series 
of photographic lantern views. 
May 22, 1882. 
SECTION OF GEOLOGY. 
The President, Dr. J. S. NewBerry, in the Chair. 
Twenty-two persons present. 
Prof. O. P. Hupparp, exhibited a peculiar organic salt, malate 
(or, perhaps, bi-malate) of lime, from Williamstown, Vt., de- 
rived from the sugar-maple. In the manufacture of the sugar, 
