Trans. N. Y. Ac. Scz\ 124 Apr. 30^, 



Cemetery at New Utrecht. — Two varieties of sandstone were found 

 commonly employed here, the stones standing vertically and facing 

 the east. 



1. Fine-grained and compact, warm red to reddish brown in color,, 

 apparently derived from Little Falls, N. J. The stones dated from 

 1830 back to 1785, and are in excellent condition, especially in propor- 

 tion to compactness and fineness of grain {e.g., C. Van P., 1796). 



2. Red, often fine-grained, and generally laminated, the laminae 

 being one-eighth to one-half inch in thickness, with alternations of 

 reddish shades of color. The stones date from 1854 back to 1820,, 

 and have weathered very poorly, splitting first near the west face of 

 the stone and finally throughout, often with fissures cutting the 

 stone across the lamination and parallel to the edges {e, g,, W. B., 

 1826). 



A light gray graywacke also occurs (S. B., 1852), but is thinly- 

 laminated and split in fine cracks throughout. 



Cemetery at Flaibush. — ^The same varieties are here employed and 

 the stones stand in the same position. Those of the compact va- 

 riety date from 1800 back to 1754, and are in excellent condition 

 {e, g., Marrytie D., 1797.) Tnose of the laminated structure date 

 from 1826 back to 1754 and are generally in wretched condition 

 {e.g., Adriantie L., 1761), especially on and near the top and edge 

 and the west face. Sometimes, however, the lamination has not 

 allowed any decay {e. ^., Geljam C, 1754). In both cemeteries, 

 however, the decay at its worst has split up the stone, but has lit- 

 tle affected the sharpness of inscriptions. 



St. Paul's Churchyard. — One variety of fine-grained sandstone 

 predominates, dating from 1813 back to 1768. The finest-grained 

 and most compact are often in perfect condition (J. J., 1768), but 

 many coarser or more laminated stones, and sometimes tine and 

 compact stones, are very badly split, and show exfoliation near the 

 ground (A. Van B., 1813) — sometimes with fissures across the stone 

 (J. A., 181 3). The splitting begins, as usual, near the west face 

 and near the edges. 



LIGHT-COLORED SANDSTONES. 



Nova Scotia Sandstone. — In regard to this name, I have indicated 

 already, but it is fair to explain more fully here, that it originated many 

 years ago, when grindstone-dealers obtained their supplies from some 

 small surface-quarries located in and near Nova Scotia. As that stone 

 was of a yellow color, the stone-trade has persisted ever since in calling 

 every light-colored stone coming from anywhere in that section, " Nova 



