30 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [nOV. 24, 



excavations are now in a fine condition for study. The ice 

 masses of the glacier came very near this gravel deposit on 

 Todt Hill, but I have not yet succeeded in finding the two 

 drifts in contact at this point. The Glacial Drift fills a valley 

 a few hundred feet west of the spur occupied by the Pre- 

 glacial Drift, and the main mass of the moraine is less than 

 half a mile distant to the north and west. 



•' The Ijiuff on which the light-house stands at Prince's Bay 

 is a prominent feature in the topography of the neighborhood. 

 It is prolmbly the l)est exposure of Glacial Drift that we have 

 in the vicinity of New York, for here the terminal moraine of 

 the great North American Glacier has been cut down through 

 the greater part of its thickness, for a distance of nearly a half 

 mile along the shore leaving a steep bluff, which reaches some 

 seventy -five feet in height, filled with pebbles, stones and boul- 

 ders of transported materials, among them some brought from 

 at least two hundred miles to the north, and many smoothed 

 and rounded and bearing the characteristic scratches and groov- 

 ings, which it is well known that moving ice masses only pro- 

 duce. Here, for example, were found Potsdam Sandstone with 

 the fossil worm Scolitkus ; the Lower Helderberg Limestone, 

 with other well-known fossils: Strophodonta Beckii, Spirifer 

 7nacropleurus^ and StropTiomena rhomboidalis, for example; 

 Oriskany Sandstone with Spirifer arenosus and S. erectus : 

 these are found in places in Northern New York ; also Gneiss, 

 probably originating in the New Jersey Highlands ; and, most 

 abundant, the red sandstone and trap rocks of New Jersey.* 

 This part of the moraine was evidently deposited under water, 

 as it shows well-marked lines of stratification, differing in this 

 from glacial deposits further inland. The most interesting 

 feature of this hill is, however, one which had hitherto escaped 

 our notice. I refer to the masses of Cretaceous plastic clays 

 with the overlying Yellow Gravel well displayed about Krei- 

 scherville, and known to underlie the Glacial Drift throughout 

 Southfield and Westfield, here imbedded in the 7/ioraine, prov- 

 ing conclusively that in its southward movement the glacier 

 scooped out portions of the strata over which it flowed, and 

 enclosed them in the mixed load of stones, clay and sand which 

 it carried and deposited." f 



* loc. cit., p. 174. 



t Proc. Nat. Sci. Assn. S. I., Nov. 8, 1884. 



