64 TRANSACTIONS OF THE [apRIL 13, 



readily understood from the determinative are : Jjj^ ^^ rem 

 " fish," g > ^ reth " man," ^ ^ himt " woman 



W S>^ heJmi "the two ears," ||| | <^* mes " to beget," 



ji texen "obelislv," ^^ 4 4 !^ me;i/^ " soldier." 



(B) When used to represent' words, these ideographs may repre- 

 sent the object and be pronounced at the same time. Thus q ^'-^ 



" the sun," may also be written in full ^ ^ O, A^ qa " bull," 



also LJ _§^ ^^ in full; ^^ ta "the earth," ;3;; mu 

 " water," O" «J " heart," n />er " house," i^^a^i ??^d^i or set, 

 " country," are generally written without any accompanying 

 phonetics, but always pronounced when not serving as determin- 

 atives of a preceding word. Pure ideographs, that is such ms 

 represent the figure and yet cannot l)e pronounced, do not occur 

 in any Egyptian inscriptions. 



Secondly: Phonetics which are either (A) letters of the 

 alphabet, or (B) syllahles. 



(A) The simple letters of the Egyptian alplial)et are : 



l.tja. 2. a a. 3. ^ a. 4. W i. d.\\ \. 6. ^ u. 



u. 7. t I u. 8. J b. 9. i p. 10. ^^— f. 11. 1^ 

 in ^= m I m. 12. '^^^ n Q n t^ n. 13. <=> r. 14. ^^ 1. 



15. rah. 16. ;( h. 17. ^ X (the Greek chi). 18. "^^ s | ' s. 

 19. ciscD sh. 20. JiLJ sh. 21. ^ q. 22. "^:=^ k. 23. S g. 



24. ^ t. 25. ^=^ th 



I th. 26. ^^^ d. 27. '^ z. 2^ 



^^ z. [The letters not numbered are only variants of the 

 preceding.] 



(B) The greater number of the 3,000 to 4,000 Egyptian 



