Proceedings. 77 
Mr. A. J. Crosfield mentioned that he had, on the 18th inst., 
seen three Crossbills flying over the Great Doods estate, 
whistling as they flew. 
Mr. Henry M. Wallis, of Reading, lectured on 
THe Migration oF Birps. 
Round our lighthouses on the East Coast, on foggy nights in 
- autumn, vast flocks of birds fly to and fro all night long. The 
species include Larks, Short-eared Owls, Woodcocks, and Ducks, 
and many others. Amongst these migraut flocks stragglers 
oceasionally occur, such as a species of Nightingale whose 
summer home is in N.E. Siberia and whose winter resort is 
Burmah. 
Some species which are residents with us are migrants in 
Scandinavia and Germany. Amongst these are the Robin, 
Rook, and Goldcrest. 
In the Arctic Regions no species are residents, whilst in the 
Tropics almost all species are. 
The island of Heligoland, off the mouth of the Elbe, lies in 
the stream of European migration. Dr. Gatke made observa- 
tions there, with the result that 398 species have been recorded 
as occurring on the island, which in area is not so large as 
Hyde Park. This number includes some E. Asian and one or 
two American species. The total number recorded as having 
occurred in Great Britain is 426. 
An example of the most limited migration is the Alpine 
Accentor, which spends the summer on the mountains, and the 
winter at their base. 
The most extreme migrants known are the Knot and 
Sanderling, which breed in the Arctic Regions to the north of 
Smith’s Sound, and travel as far as New Zealand. They also 
_ pass the whole length of the American Continent. Possibly a 
_ yet longer sea passage is made by the Golden-winged Cuckoo, 
which passes between Tahiti and New Zealand. 
It seems probable that the migration of today is based upon 
emigration at earlier periods of the earth’s history. 
The various species of Willow Wren winter in Central 
