ate ee al 
Proceedings 29 
only slightly developed in the Neandertal man, but prominent 
in modern man. In the teeth of a jaw-bone from Krapina in 
Croatia the folds of enamel more nearly resemble those of a 
certain anthropoid ape of the Miocene, the Dryopithecus, than 
those of a normal man.t 
We may reasonably suppose that certain rudimentary features 
which at the present day are either sporadic and atavistic or char- 
acteristic of low races were far more frequent in this exceedingly 
remote age than they are now, although fossils can afford no 
evidence regarding them. Such are the muscles with which some 
persons can move their ears, or the pointed tips which we can 
all see in a rudimentary state in our own ears, and which in 
new-born infants form the apex towards which the hairs of the 
ear are directed. In Europeans general hairiness, as in the ‘wild 
boy’ of Aveyron, is atavistic. The Ainos of Japan, who are con- 
sidered akin to the early inhabitants of Europe, are frequently 
covered nearly all over with hair. The same peculiarity is often 
observed among the Australian blacks, in whom on other grounds 
some would see the nearest congeners of the Neandertal race. 
Some monkeys use large stones for breaking open the kernels 
of fruit. The Neandertal men made rude tools of flint, chiefly 
for splitting bones for the marrow, scraping hides, and hammer- 
ing. Great stone spear-heads, although found, are said to be very 
rare at this period. These people caught fish and probably trap- 
+ See H. Bedrow, /B. der Natutkunde,11.(1904) 294f. Of two very recent 
discoveries | have seen no scientific account, but it appears from 
reports in the Dazly Telegraph of 16th Dec.,1908, and J/lustrated 
London News of 27th Feb., 1909, that at La Chapelle aux Saints in 
the Corréze there have been found associated with rhinoceros teeth 
parts of a skeleton of more or less pithecoid character, although the 
skull was ‘quite voluminous.’ M. Perrier, the Director of the Paris 
Museum of Natural History, considers these remains to be those of a 
very primitive man. ‘The appearance of the bones of the limbs seems 
to indicate that their owner went about more on all fours than erect.’ 
(D.T.) Further,Otto Hauser has found in the valley of the Vezére the 
skeleton of a youth with a very similar skull. The forehead recedes, 
the supra-orbital ridges are big, the jaw is strong but receding, the 
legs are short as in a child, and the knees must have been bent. The 
body had been buried, and with it a well-cut flint dagger and a 
scraper. On what ground this is held to be the oldest human skeleton 
ever found in virgin ground I know not. 
