2 BRAINERD: STEMLESS VIOLETS OF THE SOUTH 
of the North, if one does not know from which region they came. 
For five seasons the southern plant has been growing out of doors 
in Vermont, with no winter protection but a covering of leaves; 
and though not perfectly hardy, and not flowering freely in the 
spring, yet aside from an indefinable something in its general 
aspect, I can differentiate it from V. afinis by no better earmark 
than the much greater length of the auricles of the sepals. 
However, the southern plant develops a variety with lobed 
leaves, such as is never found in connection with its northern 
relative. This in my recent distribution of the violets of eastern 
North America I have named: Viola Langloisii Greene, var. 
pedatiloba, var. nov. As in V. esculenta, the lobed leaves are 
preceded in early spring and followed in late summer by the 
ordinary uncut leaves. | 
VIOLA CHALCOSPERMA, the new species of this group from 
Florida, has the same heterophyllous character, and the same 
habitat—low tracts often flooded, along sluggish streams. 
The third and last group of blue stemless violets in the South 
may be represented by Viola cucullata and V. sagittata, and con- 
sists of eight species. The group is marked by having subulate 
or sagittate cleistogamous flowers, on erect peduncles, their cap- 
sules always green; the leaves markedly cordate only in V. cucul- 
lata, usually sharply dentate toward the base or lobed. Two of 
these species differ from the rest in having the spurred petal 
glabrous and the lateral petal furnished with a strongly clavate 
beard. Neither of them is given in the manual of Dr. Small, 
though VIOLA CUCULLATA is not rare in the southern Alleghanies, 
and V. VIARUM Pollard is reported for Oklahoma. Mr. B 
Bush, who sent me specimens from Eagle Rock, southern Missouri, 
reports that the species is very common along the rocky banks 
of the White River, which flows southeastwardly for over a hundred 
miles through the Ozark Hills of northern Arkansas. 
Another pair of species—V. FIMBRIATULA and V. vILLosA— 
differ from the other six in having a finely pubescent foliage. Both 
are plants of dry sandy soil. V. fimbriatula is rather a northern 
species, reaching southward along the Appalachian Mountains; 
while V. villosa is strictly southern, and affects the lower levels 
