HANNIBAL: A PLIOCENE FLORA FROM CALIFORNIA 339 
ERICACEAE 
Arbutus Menziesii Pursh. (PLATE 15, FIG. I.) Madrono. 
The character of the venation in the only specimen obtained is 
decidedly more infrequent than usual in this species. It is possible 
that additional material will necessitate its specific separation. 
Best developed with the redwood, but extends into the chapar- 
ral, yellow pine, and foothill belts. Southern British Columbia 
to southern California. 
Arctostaphylos Manzanita Parry. (PLATE 15, FIG. 5.) Common 
manzanita. 
Two specimens from different localities belong to A. Manzanita 
or one of the nominal species grouping with it. Discrimination 
cannot be made on the leaf parts alone. 
A typical chaparral plant. Overlaps with Seguoia along the 
edge of the fog belt. Ranges from near the Oregon-California 
line east into the northern Sierra Nevadas and south to Mt. 
Tamalpais, California. 
RUBIACEAE 
Cephalanthus occidentalis Linnaeus. Button bush. 
Several leaves, all of which show more numerous secondary 
veins than usual in this species. 
Occurs along borders of lowland streams and ponds. Oregon 
and southeastern Canada to Mexico and Florida. 
CONCLUSIONS 
COMPARISON WITH OTHER FLORAS 
The obvious feature in a comparison of this with other fossil 
floras is its very recent character. So far as the material might 
be identified every species is living in the Coast Ranges today. 
It is distinctly unlike the older Tertiary floras of the west, since 
their contents, palms, laurels, broad-leaved oaks, etc., are types 
indicating moist, nearly tropical conditions. The floras of the 
middle and upper Miocene are as yet largely undescribed.* From 
” ea GRIT L., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 11:35. 1889, has reported Diospyro 
virginiana L. . Turneri Lesq., Magnolia californica Lesq., Laurus ct. canariensis 
Heer, Paivcue cf. rugosus Pers., and Vitis sp., and F. H. Knowlton in ge 
H. W., Jour. Geol. 6: 498. 1898, notes Populus sp., Alnus sp., Castanea sp., 
cinium sp., and Arbutus sp. from Kirker’s Pass near Mt. Diablo in the San baie 
