BLANCHARD: RUBUS OF EASTERN NortH AMERICA 429 
used. A revolution in our Rubi was at hand, and Prof. L. H. Bailey 
ascertained that R. Millspaughit was a common northern species 
named R. canadensis by Linnaeus in 1753; that the southern black- 
berry was not the same as the northern; and, to cap the climax, 
that R. villosus Ait. was a dewberry. This he announced in 1898 
in his Evolution of our Native Fruits, which is the only compilation 
and the first exposition of the Rudi of our area. He has given a 
later view in the Cyclopaedia of American Horticulture, 1902. 
These articles are illustrated by many useful and some invaluable 
figures. 
Professor Bailey, thinking R. alleghaniensis to be different from 
the common northern high blackberry, named the latter Rubus 
nigrobaccus, but he was mistaken and his name is a synonym. His 
idea of the other high blackberries was not entirely correct; and 
under the name of Rubus argutus Link—the original specimens of 
which it is impossible to place with certainty, but which are prob- 
ably from an intergrade between R. alleghaniensis and R. Andrew- 
sianus, since they have some of the distinguishing characters of 
each and certainly lack some of the most distinguishing ones of R. 
Andrewsianus—he lumped together R. suberectus Hooker and R. 
frondosus Bigelow, as well as most of the odd things of both the 
north and the south, giving its range as ‘‘from Lake Superior and 
New Brunswick to Florida, Kansas, Oklahoma and Mississippi.”’ 
Rubus alleghaniensis is not found as far north as R. canadensis, 
and near its extreme northern limits has very poor fruit, maturing 
but few drupelets. Some of the extreme northern stations where 
I have collected it are Summerside,#@rince Edward Island; Fred- 
erickton, New Brunswick; Moosehead Lake, Maine; the Ottawa 
Valley, Canada; the northern peninsula of Michigan, and Grand 
Rapids, Mich. This is near the 46th parallel, and a straight line 
from Prince Edward Island to Lake Itaska is approximately the 
northern boundary of the range of this species, while its southern 
boundary is not far from Mason and Dixon’s Line, or approxi- 
mately the 4oth parallel of north latitude. Some of the extreme 
southern points at which I have collected it are Westchester, 
near Philadelphia; Bloomington, Indiana; the bluffs in the northern 
part of St. Louis, Missouri; Wolf Creek, Tennessee; and Asheville, 
North Carolina. It follows down the Alleghanies at a much lower 
