432 BLANCHARD: RUBUS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 
Philadelphicae, gave a description that answers all requirements of 
later rules for properly describing a species. Linnaeus included 
it in R. caesius by a reference to Gronovius who thought Clayton’s 
specimens and description (1743) indicated that it was the same 
as the European dewberry. Marshall, in 1785, described it as 
R. hispidus L., Bigelow described it in 1814 as R. trivialis Michx., 
and so did Torrey in 1834; but when Dr. A. Gray took hold with 
Torrey they concluded to call it R. canadensis L. The name had 
been in the books for many years. Kalm collected it in Canada. 
Torrey had used the name in 1824 for the Rubus they were about 
to call R. triflorus Rich. (now R. pubescens Raf.).. This dewberry 
was evidently not R. trivialis Michx. as Torrey had supposed. 
Here was a Rubus that might be the long lost R. canadensis. It 
is nevertheless surprising that Gray should have used this name, 
since he had seen the original specimens, and in a note to the 
description in their Flora of North America shows how Lin- 
naeus had unwittingly described it as having ten, five, and three 
leaflets. Having made this correction he seemed to think that R. 
canadensis had been cleared up and was the dewberry under con- 
sideration, when, in fact, the specimen did not have the slightest 
resemblance to it, but was typical R. canadensis as we know it. I 
have seen a photograph of it, which Professor Bailey secured but 
unfortunately has not used in his books. They passed by the good 
name given it by Barton and by Muhlenberg. It is more than 
probable that Gray had forgotten how the original specimen 
looked. He had seen Aiton’s specimen of R. villosus too. 
‘So the name Torrey and Gray used held undisputed sway till 
Bailey explained the mistake and applied the name R. villosus. But 
Dr. P. A. Rydberg, in Britton’s New Manual, in 1901, restored 
the name Muhlenberg gave it. The only full description is that 
by the writer in Rhodora 8: 147. 1906. No good figure of it 
has ever appeared; in fact there are only those given by Bailey 
and the one in the Illustrated Flora. 
Its range covers more square miles than any other blackberry 
in eastern North America. It ranges from the Gulf of Mexico 
to the southern limit of R. canadensis L. To be more specific, 
its eastern limit is the Kennebec River in Maine, and a line due 
west from Portland, Maine, or about the 44th parallel, is near 
