BLANCHARD: RUBUS OF EASTERN NORTH AMERICA 453 
the northern boundary of its range. It undoubtedly occurs in 
every state east of the Rocky Mountains, with possibly the excep- 
tion of North Dakota. It is not everywhere equally abundant. 
In the northern parts of Ohio and Indiana it is scarce, though 
abundant on the shore of Lake Michigan. It is the same plant 
wherever found, the same in Boston as in Pensacola, New York 
as in Oklahoma, Michigan as in Georgia. 
RUBUS TRIVIALIS Michaux 
Walter, in 1788, apparently described this species as R. hispi- 
dus; Michaux’s name and description appeared in 1803; Elliott, 
in 1822, also used the name R. #rivialis, and his description is 
perhaps the best that has yet appeared. Its range is from south- 
eastern Virginia to Oklahoma and Texas, and forms of it occur in 
the mountains of New Mexico and Arizona. It is especially 
abundant in the sandy pine region near the coast, its northern 
limit being a curved line extending from Norfolk, Virginia, through 
Raleigh, North Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, Milledgeville, 
Georgia; to Fort Smith, Arkansas, and Muscogee and Oklahoma 
City, Oklahoma. I collected it in the last three places named. It 
and R. procumbens are about equally abundant at Montgomery, 
Tuskegee, and Opelika, Alabama, but in western Florida R. 
trivialis greatly preponderates. Michaux gave its range as Caro- 
lina and Pennsylvania, and this caused botanists to think he in- 
cluded R. procumbens in his species. Many have confounded it 
with R. hispidus also. It was figured by Guimpel in 1825, and 
one of the two original specimens collected by Michaux is shown 
in the Cyclopaedia of American Horticulture (1902). 
-Rupus REcURVANS Blanchard 
This species was described by me in Rhodora 6: 223. 1904. 
It had never been recognized as a species though it is very distinct. 
This is not surprising since several other good species were not 
recognized till recently. When it was abundant people often 
called it the “half-high’’ blackberry as they call Vaccinium 
vacillans the half-high blueberry. When Bailey published R. 
villosus var. Randii some botanists used that name for it, but 
Bailey seems to have considered it to be a blackberry-dewberry 
