182 CoLLIns AND Howe: SprEctEs or HALYMENTIA 
filaments in the subcortex, and in the often much larger, more 
numerously and more echinately branched stelliform cells of the 
inner subcortex. 
From H. bermudensis Collins & Howe, to certain forms of which 
it bears a superficial resemblance, it differs in being much more 
gelatinous, in the much thicker surface jelly or outer walls of the 
superficial cells (10-18 vs. 2-4 uw thick), in the more generally 
monostromatic cortex, in the more widely spaced (5~10 p vs. 2-3 #) 
protoplasts of the superficial cells, in having a medulla that is 
filamentous and homogeneous instead of showing a system of 
substellate ganglia with refringent specialized protoplasts, and in 
the presence in the inner subcortex of cells that are 80-180 pin 
diameter with 15-40 subspinescent processes, while the inner cells 
of the subcortex of H. bermudensis are 1 3-25 w in diameter and 
have no obvious appendages. 
When the enlarged echinate-stelliform cells of the inner cortex 
are detached, some of their numerous sharp-pointed processes 
show apices that look as if they had been free from all cell con- 
nections, but most of them show at the apex traces of a septum 
to which they have narrowed down and at which point they have 
been disjoined from their former cell connections. The proto- 
plasts of these large echinate cells are similar to those of their 
neighbors or are more vacuous, wherein they differ greatly from 
the substellate medullary ganglia of H. bermudensis and H. flori- 
dana, the protoplasts of which are conspicuously different from 
those of the ordinary cells in being denser, more homogeneous, 
and more refringent. As is the case in HH. actinophysa, the cells 
of the subcortex of H. echinophysa are so gelatinous and translucent 
that their form and relations can not well be ascertained without 
resort to staining reagents, such as solutions of haematoxylin. 
Of the four species above described, specimens of three, Haly- 
menia Gelinaria, H. pseudofloresia, and H. bermudensis, have 
already been distributed in the Phycotheca Boreali-Americana of 
Collins, Holden & Setchell, as indicated. This will, we trust, ina 
measure atone for the lack of illustrations in the present paper. 
