NICHOLS: THE VEGETATION OF CONNECTICUT 239 
Hamden, Woodbridge Glen in Woodbridge, Roaring Brook ravine 
in Cheshire, Devil’s Gulch in Branford, and Ninevah Falls ravine 
in Killingworth. Most of these are ravines of considerable depth 
and have a good-sized brook at the bottom. To shallower, less 
well-developed ravines the remarks naturally may not be equally 
applicable. 
The Bryophytic Flora of Rock Ravines—Perhaps the most 
striking feature of the vegetation near the bottom of a ravine 
(Fic. 2) is the rich display of mosses and liverworts. In thestream 
itself, attached to rocks but always submerged, grow various 
aquatic forms, such as Fontinalis. Other more or less hydrophytic 
species cover the low-lying, wet and frequently submerged rocks 
along the margin and in the bed of the stream, mantle the spray- 
dashed rocks at the foot of waterfalls, and form extensive mats 
even in rapids and similar precarious situations. The following 
more or less hydrophytic species may be looked for in such places: 
Chiloscyphus rivularis Oxyrrhynchium rusciforme 
Scapania undulata Amblystegium fluviatile 
Porella pinnata Amblystegium trriguum 
Fontinalis dalecarlica Hygrohypnum dilatatum 
Fontinalis gigantea Hygrohypnum eugyrium 
Fontinalis Lescurii Hygrohypnum ochraceum 
Growing on periodically inundated rock surfaces, either in the 
bed of the stream or along its sides, are such forms as Fissidens 
tncurvus, Grimmia apocarpa, Racomitrium aciculare, and Brachy- 
thecium plumosum, Along with these, but usually on springy 
banks or on continuously moist rock surfaces, where they may 
or may not be submerged during flood time, may occur: 
Conocephalum conicum Mnium hornum 
Pellia epiphylla Mnium punctatum 
Plagiochila asplenioides Philonotis fontana 
Lophocolea bidentata Thuidium delicatulum 
Jubula pennsylvanica Brachythecium rivulare 
Anthoceros laevis Climacium americanum 
Fissidens adiantoides Catharinaea undulata 
Higher up on the slopes, numerous species thrive in the crevices 
or plaster the faces of overhanging cliffs and precipitous rocks. 
The following are fairly characteristic of wet or moist cliffs: 
