: 
NICHOLS: THE VEGETATION OF CONNECTICUT 243 
occur the sugar maple and others of the trees elsewhere cited as 
characteristic of the climax forest in this region. The wood 
undergrowth usually includes Hamamelis virginiana, Kalmia alk 
folia, and Viburnum acerifolium, while forms ck as Carpinus 
Hemlock and yellow birch the 
IG. 3. Primeval forest in Sage’s Ravine. 
common trees. 
caroliniana, Alnus rugosa and Benzoin aestivale, which one ordi- 
Narily associates with swamps, frequently grow along the stream 
at the bottom. On the whole, ravine forests almost invariably 
are more mesophytic, and approximate more closely the climax 
