NICHOLS: THE VEGETATION OF CONNECTICUT 251 
Chicago region,* the increased exposure which follows the widening 
out of a clay ravine may have a disastrous effect on the ravine flora. 
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Fic. 5. Forest of chestnut, white oak, red oak, etc., along a sandy bluff border- 
ing West River, New Haven. Elsewhere along the bluff, hemlock, beech and bass- 
wood are more or less abundant. 
“The rich mesophytic herbs, 
including the liverworts and mosses, 
dry up and 
die, .: . and axerophytic undergrowth comes in. - + - 
* See Cowles, H. C., 1901, op. cit., Pp. 90-93: 
