OF COOPERIA DRUMMONDII 403 
leaf base of Cooperia Drummondii, like that of Leucojum.and 
Narcissus (Goebel, 3), is closed. The primary root arises from 
the base of the hypocotyl and developing downward is protected 
by a well-developed root cap even as early as at the maturity of 
' the seed. 
In conclusion it may be of interest to contrast Hofmeister's 
description (5) of embryo sac and embryo development in Amaryl- 
lis longiflora with that of Cooperia Drummondii. They are almost 
entirely dissimilar. Hofmeister states that A. longiflora (Hip- 
peastrum solandriflorum) is the only member of the Amaryl- 
lidaceae having irregular megasporangium formation. Just what 
he had in mind the writer does not dare to say, as no figures are 
given and his interpretation of the embryo sac was not that of 
present-day botanists. In regard to Cooperia Drummondii the 
Statement may again be made that the embryo-sac development 
is without doubt regular, as compared with its near relatives. 
In Amaryllis longiflora endosperm formation is sparing. The 
endosperm cells are displaced by the embryo before they become 
united into a compact tissue; while Cooperia Drummondii, as 
has been shown, has a firm, abundant and well-developed endo- 
sperm tissue. The embryo of Amaryllis longiflora is spindle- 
shaped in the region of the root and plumule but the cotyledon is 
bent and consequently knee-shaped, where that of Cooperia Drum- 
mondii grows straight upward forming a regular, spindle-shaped 
body except in individual instances where too much externalpres 
sure is exerted by earlier developed or more rapidly growing ovules. 
This paper represents in part work undertaken by the author 
during the years 1912-1914 for the degree of Master of Arts at 
_ Brown University. The writer begs to acknowledge the assistance 
given by Professor Harlan H. York, of the Botanical Deaprtment 
of Brown University, and the courtesies of all others who may 
have made any helpful suggestions whatsoever. 
LITERATURE CITED 
1. Coulter & Chamberlain. Morphology of the Angiosperms. 
New York. 1903. 
2. Ernst, A. Chromosomenreduction, Entwickelung des Embryosackes 
und Befruchtung bei Paris quadrifolia L. and Trillium grandiflorum 
Salisb. Flora 91: 1-46. pl. 1-6. 1902. 
