Vol. 43 No. 10 
BULLETIN 
OF THE 
TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB 
er ree me 
OCTOBER, 1916 
Fertilization in Fritillaria pudica 
Kari Sax 
(WITH PLATES 27-29 AND THREE TEXT-FIGURES) 
Fertilization in the Angiosperms and especially in the Liliaceae 
has been the subject of research of many botanists. Yet it is 
surprising how incomplete and fragmentary is our knowledge of 
this important and interesting process. 
Strasburger (13) in 1884 described fertilization in Monotropa 
Hypopitys. He observed the streaming of the cytoplasm in the 
embryo sac in the living condition and suggested that the male 
nucleus was carried to the egg by cytoplasmic streaming. 
Guignard (4) in 1891 described fertilization in Lilium Martagon 
and showed a large number of fertilization stages. 
In 1897 Mottier (8) first described the vermiform shape of the 
male nuclei in Lilium Martagon. 
In 1899 Guignard (5) and Nawaschin (10) published inde- 
pendently their discovery of double fertilization in Lilium and 
Fritullaria. 
Nawaschin (10, 11, 12) has described fertilization in Lilium 
Martagon, Fritillaria tenella, Juglans nigra and Helianthus annuus. 
In Lilium Martagon and Fritillaria tenella he describes the vermi- 
form male nuclei and concludes that they are motile. He main- 
tains that the male nuclei are discharged into the space between 
the egg apparatus and the ‘‘Endospermanlage,” whence they 
make their way to the egg and polar nucleus. He believes 
that the male nuclei must be motile in order to pass from one 
[The BuLLetIN for September (43: 441-504. pl. 24-26) was issued October 20, 1926. 16] 
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