506 Sax: FERTILIZATION IN FRITILLARIA PUDICA 
medium to another and to penetrate the membranes of the egg 
cell and the ‘Endospermanlage.”’ In one case he finds the 
male nuclei linked together and attacks Strasburger’s (13) theory 
of cytoplasmic streaming on the ground that streaming could 
not carry these nuclei in different directions. He also notes 
that the bodies, the ‘X-Kérper,” which accompany the male 
nuclei in the pollen tube, are not carried with the male nuclei 
toward the egg or upper polar nucleus. He suggests that in 
Helianthus annuus one synergid penetrates the embryo sac and 
pours its contents into the micropyle canal and thereby aids in the 
entrance of the pollen tube. The cases of fertilization found were 
apparently few. : 
In 1900 Guignard (6) published his paper on fertilization in the 
tulip. He describes the male nuclei in the pollen tube as being 
of curved shape and of almost homogeneous structure. On 
leaving the tube they are accompanied by a dense granular 
substance. The pollen tube closes after the male nuclei escape. 
Blackman and Welsford (1) in 1913, working on Lilium 
Martagon and L. auratum, describe and picture vermiform male 
nuclei both in the contents of the pollen tube and attached to 
the egg and polar nuclei. They also mention and show the two 
dark bodies in the end of the pollen tube. The male nuclei 
pictured are long vermiform and often pointed at one end, an 
their contents are arranged in a rather regular network. The 
authors maintain that the first male nucleus is smaller and suggest 
that, since the smaller male nucleus is found in contact with the 
egg, the first male nucleus goes to the egg. They also believe that 
the male nuclei are motile. 
Welsford (14) believes that the ‘‘X-Kérper” of Nawaschin are 
the disintegrating cytoplasm which surrounded the male nuclei. 
Mention is also made that the pollen tube itself enters the embry 
sac before the discharge of the contents. 
Other writers have published more or less complete descrip- 
tions of fertilization in various Angiosperms. But nowhere is 
there so complete a description of fertilization in the Angiosperms 
as has been published by Miss Ferguson (2, 3) and others for the 
Gymnosperms. Miss Ferguson describes a complete series of e8& 
and sperm fusions in Pinus strobus and finds the interesting fact 
