604 MACKENZIE: NOTES ON CAREX 
Culms stiff; leaves 
clustered, the blades 
short; spikes with 
few perigynia. C. pauctfructus. 
Perigynia strongly nerved 
ly C. Harfordit. 
Perigynia obscurely impressed 
striate on both faces. C. pachycarpa. 
(**) Perigynia with thinnish sub- 
membranaceous walls and with 
conspicuous raised nerves on 
inner face at maturity. 
Scales reddish-brown; spikes four 
to eight, closely aggregated. C. abrupta. 
Scales reddish; spikes six to 
twelve, the lower separate. C. mariposana. 
“ ; 
Carex multicostata sp. nov. 
Cespitose, the culms 3-9 dm. high, rather stout, many-striate, 
bluntly triangular, smooth or slightly roughened on angles beneath 
head, exceeding leaves, aphyllopodic; sterile shoots not seen. 
Leaves with well-developed blades usually three or four to a 
fertile culm, on lower fourth, but not bunched, the sheaths strongly 
white hyaline ventrally, but not prolonged upward beyond blade; 
the blades flat, 2.5-6 mm. wide, usually 1-3 dm. long, not long 
attenuate. Head oblong, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, containing 
about ten closely aggregated but readily distinguishable gynae- 
candrous oblong or oblong-ovoid spikes 8-16 mm. long, 6-8 mm. 
wide, rounded or short pointed at apex, the lateral rounded and 
the terminal short tapering at base, the twenty to thirty perigynia 
appressed in many rows, the tips not conspicuous, the staminate 
flowers inconspicuous; lowest one to several bracts slightly pro- 
longed, the others scale-like. Scales ovate, obtuse or acute, red- 
dish brown with lighter midvein and conspicuous white hyaline 
margins, narrower and shorter than perigynia. Perigynia green 
or in age straw-colored, ovate, 3.5-4.5 mm. long, 2—2.25 mm. wide 
(widest near top of achene), plano-convex, winged to the rounded 
ase, serrulate to below middle, conspicuously many nerved on 
outer and several nerved on inner face, abruptly contracted into 
a broad, flat, bidentate, non-hyaline, tawny tipped beak 1 mm. 
long, winged and serrulate to the tip, the teeth erect, contiguous. 
Achenes lenticular, broadly oval, substipitate, 1.75 mm. long, 
1.5 mm. wide, short apiculate, the style slender, at length decidu- 
ous; stigmas two. 
This species is related to the eastern Carex brevior (Dewey) 
