An annotated list of the forest trees of the Hawaiian Archipelago 
VAUGHAN MacCauGHEY 
The following material has been prepared as a compact and 
convenient check list to the Hawaiian arborescent flora. The 
forests of the Hawaiian Islands are remarkable for the high per- 
centage of endemic forms. Endemism is indicated in the following 
list by an asterisk (*) before the name. A second symbol (t) 
indicates that a species was undoubtedly introduced by the 
aboriginal Hawaiians from the South Pacific and has become 
naturalized. The data for each species include the scientific 
name; the Hawaiian and English names if such be possessed by the 
species; the islands of the group on which the species has been 
recorded; the vertical range of the species; its general ecologic 
status, xero-, meso- or hygrophytic; and its usual stature. 
It must be noted that many of the Hawaiian species are ex- 
ceedingly variable, and are not yet thoroughly known from the 
taxonomic standpoint. Furthermore, this variability also expresses 
itself in the stature of the plant, which in some instances ranges from 
a prostate vine to a tree of eighty to one hundred ft. Many of the 
Hawaiian trees also occur commonly as tall shrubs; in many in- 
stances the shrub habit is more prevalent than the arborescent 
habit. Considerable latitude must also be given in the matter of 
vertical range, for the islands vary greatly in elevation, as shown 
by the following figures: Ni’I-HAvU, 1,300 ft. Kau-a’l, 5,250 ft. 
Oanu: Ka-ala, 4,030 ft., Kona-hua-nui, 3,105 ft. MOLOKAI: 
Kama-kou, 4,958 ft., Mauna Loa, 1,382 ft. Maurt: West Maui, 
5,788 ft., Hale-a-ka-la, 10,032 ft. Lanai, 3,400 ft. Hawat: 
Kohala, 5,489 ft., Mauna Kea, 13,825 ft.; Mauna Loa, 13,675 ft., 
Hu-ala-lai, 8,269 ft., Kilauea, 4,000 ft. A given species will 
occupy various altitudes on different islands, and in different 
mountain ranges, as compatible with its ecologic requirements. 
The forest flora of the Hawaiian Islands has been explored by 
a long series of investigators and collectors, and the present 
_ list embodies the results of nearly a century and a half of botanic 
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