RYDBERG: PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES 451 
4. BROOK BANKS 
Many of the brook banks are lined with willows and Betula 
glandulosa or with sedges. In such cases the flora is practically 
the same as that of the willow bogs or sedge bogs. In the sub- 
alpine regions of the Rockies, we find also another brook bank flora, 
consisting of herbaceous plants which are neither sedges nor grasses, 
and which are rarely found in the bogs proper. Brook banks of 
this type are found mostly where the slope is steep and the 
valley narrow, so that neither swamps nor grasslands could exist. 
The characteristic plants of these brook banks are mostly species 
of Mertensia, Epilobium and Juncoides, and where it is drier we 
find Cirsium. 
Common to Southern and Northern Hockics 
Poa reflexa _ Epilobium stramineum 
Panicularia nervata - wyomingense 
Calamagrostis canadensis Mimulus Langsdorfit 
Juncus balticus montanus Mertensia pratensis 
Juncoides parviflorum : ciliata 
= spicatum viridula 
Delphinium occidentale Veronica americana 
Alsine longifolia Arnica rhizomata 
‘* borealis Senecio triangularis 
Epilobium ovatum 
' Restricted to the Southern Rockies 
Juncoides subcapitatum Castilleja brunnescens 
ctesaktinatis Barbeyt Cirsium Parryt 
attenuatum : scopulorum 
Oxybolis Fendleri = oreophilum 
Restricted to the Northern Rockies 
Poa leptocoma Hy stenoloba 
Juncoides glabratum Senecio saliens 
tAnemone Richardsonii Chamaenerion latifolium 
Mertensia paniculata 
In the more open places where the taller herbs have not crowded 
out the smaller ones, the flora consists of the following species: 
