MAcCCAUGHEY: GUAVAS OF HAWAIIAN IsLANDS 519 
some countries it is used for tools, spear handles, etc., but has no 
special uses of this kind in Hawaii. Here it is of much importance 
as a source of charcoal, and is cut and prepared by the orientals 
for this purpose. In excursions across country through the guava 
scrub, one commonly passes the little huts and furnaces of the 
charcoal burners and finds the men and women themselves, 
laboriously cutting the saplings, reducing them to proper length, 
and tending the adobe furnaces. 
The Mediterranean fruit-fly (Ceratitis capitata), which before 
the introduction of its insect parasites* seriously infested a great 
variety of both native and introduced fruits in Hawaii, was exceed- 
ingly plentiful in the guavas. It attacked all of the local forms, 
but was particularly abundant in the strawberry guava and the 
Wai-awi guava. For a number of years, until the introduced 
parasites became effective in their control work, there were com- 
patatively few uninfested guavas in the region of Honolulu and 
its adjacent valleys. An estimate, based upon the examination 
of thousands of fruits in the field during this period, would indicate 
that eighty per cent. of the guavas at any given time were infested 
by the fruit-fly. During the past two years, 1915-16, the infesta- 
tion has not been so serious, owing to a gradual readjustment of 
the pest to control factors. 
* The common white mealy bug (Pseudococcus nipae), which 
infests the grape, fig, avocado, annonas, etc., and several species 
of aphids are very common on the guava foliage. Their favorite 
habitats are along the prominent veins, on both surfaces of the 
leaves. They are most abundant on the older leaves, as the very 
young leaves are quite tomentose. The cottony guava scale 
(Pulvinaria psidii), and the pepper-tree scale (A spidiotus lantaniae) 
are also plentiful on both wild and cultivated guavas. Fuller’s 
rose beetle (Aramigus fulleri) feeds to a great extent on guavas 
on the islands of Molokai and Hawaii. A bark beetle (Xyleborus 
; affinis) is recorded as attacking the wild guavas on Kauai, espe- 
cially the wai-awi variety. 
A number of fungus diseases occur on the guava, but none are 
apparently of any serious detriment to the plant. The common 
sooty mold (Meliola Camelliae [Catt.] Sacc.) which infests a wide 
* Galesus silvestrii Kieffer, Dirhinus giffardii Silv., and Opius humilis Silv. 
