358 HARPER: COASTAL PLAIN OF THE CAROLINAS 
ably displayed in the adjoining county of Screven in Georgia.* 
In most of the railroad cuts in South Carolina, however, could be 
seen that red-and-white mottled loam which lies between the 
Grand Gulf and Lafayette formations in Alabama and Mississippi 
and seems to intergrade with the Altamaha Grit in -Georgia.+ 
Going northeastward from the Savannah River this mottled phase 
seemed to become gradually paler and more homogeneous, until 
by the time Virginia was reached it was no longer distinguishable 
from the Lafayette if it was present at all. 
The Columbia sand seems to cover the greater part of the area 
examined, as has been shown by McGee ¢ and others, but rather 
thinly, except on the sand-hills along the fall-line and rivers, and 
the dunesalong the coast. The Lafayette loam immediately under- 
lying it is exposed over considerable areas up toward the fall-line, 
just as it is in the upper third of the coastal plain in Georgia and © 
the greater part of the same province in Alabama. 
Effects of civilization. — Some of the publications cited herein, 
particularly the reports on trees by Mohr and by Ashe,§ and the 
soil survey reports, describe the effects of civilization in the region 
under consideration, but as economic conditions are continually 
changing, a few more words on the subject may be of interest. 
Those pioneer industries, turpentining and lumbering of long- 
leaf pine, are decidedly on the wane in the Carolinas, and will 
doubtless soon be practically at an end unless conservative methods 
are speedily and widely adopted. I do not remember seeing a 
single mature and round (i. ¢., unboxed) long-leaf pine in either 
state, though this may be partly explainable by the fact that all 
the railroads I traveled on after leaving Georgia are comparatively 
old. Along the newer lines, and away from all railroads and 
streams, conditions should of course be a little better. Pinus Taeda 
now furnishes a large proportion of the pine lumber of the region, 
and is even being tapped in a few places for turpentine, but with 
what success I did not ascertain. 
* The formation may possibly occur in Beaufort County (the southernmost in South 
Carolina) for Pinckneya, Cliftonia, Nyssa Ogeche, and Serenoa have been found there, 
and apparently nowhere else in the state. (See Bull. Torrey Club 32: 147. 1905-) 
ft See Ann. N, Y. Acad. Sci. 17: 23; Torreya 6: 241. 1906. 
t Ann. Rep. U. S. Geol. Surv. r2!: 386-388. 1892. 
§ Bulletins § to 7 of the North Carolina Geological Survey. 
