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if this was passed the defences of the Outer Ward had to be 
overcome, then the moat, and finally the defences of the Middle 
and Inner Wards. 
After a short time spent in finding the janitor and a toll of 3d. 
a head paid, a small door on the South in a modern wall admitted 
the members to the East moat between the Outer and Inner Ward. 
Standing opposite the tank, 50ft. long and 20ft. wide, supposed 
to have been used as a stew, the confused mass of tumbled walls 
and bastion came into full view. The destruction brought about 
by gunpowder rendered it difficult to trace the original design, 
and it required a long acquaintance with the Castle (such as Mr. 
Drane’s) to unravel it. This, however, he was weil able to do. 
Of course the question arose—not once or twice, but repeatedly— 
from various members who hardly followed his painstaking 
description, “‘ When was this destruction brought about and by 
whom ?’ The reply as repeatedly given, “I don’t know—probably 
done in those troublous times to prevent the robbers and pillagers 
which frequented these districts from taking refuge within its 
enclosure and issuing forth again to harry the neighbourhood.” 
The leaning tower at the South-east angle of the Inner Ward, 
_ forming one of the drum or bastion towers standing at the four 
angles and forming so conspicuous an object, was next visited. 
The inner half has been thrown into the court in fragments, the 
outer half remaining intact has merely been thrown out of the 
perpendicular some 9 feet ; one of the members standing with his 
heels close against the tie and his back against the tower demon- 
strated this amount of displacement by the impossibility of main- 
taining his erect position without support. All four towers have 
been undermined and blown up. The effect, however, has 
depended upon the position in which the mine was placed ; one at 
the North-east corner has been entirely levelled, one at the North- 
west has been less completely destroyed. The evidence for their 
‘overthrow by gunpowder seems conclusive. Entering the Middle 
ard at the South-east corner, the domestic offices were visited, the 
