56 
cribing the life-history of the two insects, Bombyx Callune and 
B. Quercus, Mr. Wonfor classified the distinctions drawn by entomolo- 
gists between the two: as of size, the first-named insect being con- 
sidered larger ; of time in coming to maturity, the one taking two 
years, the other only one ; of the difference in food ; of the difference 
in the markings of the young larvae, the one having orange triangles, 
the other orange and white lozenges ; and of the different colorations 
and markings of the perfect insect. 
On the point of size, an average of either showed great diversity 
in size, colour, and markings, Difference of time was of little 
account, for undoubted southern iusects had taken two years to com- 
plete their life-history, and all entomologists knew that insects of the 
same brood, in this and other families, would stay one, two, three, or 
even five years in chrysalis, Even in the difference of markings 
among larvae, the greatest variety was noticed in larvae from the same 
hedge-row ; in fact, all the points only tended to show a climatic 
variety. In the case of colour, the tendency with insects, like 
other animals, was to acquire darker and duller hues as they advanced 
north, and lighter and brighter as they went south. This was well 
seen in French and Spanish specimens of B, Quercus, which were 
lighter and brighter in colour. 
But a stronger point than all was the fact that he had succeeded 
in drawing up southern males with northern female. Taking advan- 
tage of the wonderful power possessed by the females of some groups 
of attracting the males from long distances and in great numbers, he 
had, by retarding, in a cold room, the time of emergence, got a female 
out on the 20th of July, This female, taken to Hassock’s Gate that 
same afternoon, about four o’clock, when there was little sun and 
wind, had attracted males of the southern insect. On the principle 
that, among the insect tribe, the same species only was attracted by 
the female, he considered this went far to prove the point of B. Callunae 
being only a climatic variety of B. Quercus, and not a distinct species, 
Other insects, at one time believed to be distinct species, were now 
acknowledged to be only varieties, and there was too great a tendency 
with some to increase the number of species, and to make minute 
differences which only constituted varieties the great feature in classify- 
ing. Though occasionally hybrids were found in Nature, the rule was 
for members of the same species only to pair. Had he been able to” 
