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Wood that the Red Crag was not derived from the destruction of the 
Coralline Crag, or of older formations, but that the animals whose re- 
mains were there deposited lived and died on the spot where they were 
found. In the Coralline Crag 350 species of mollusca had been 
found ; of these 110, or 31 per cent., were extinct. In the Red Crag 
256 species had been found ; of these 65 or 25 per cent. were extinct. 
After noticing the fact, that in the country round Antwerp, on 
the banks of the Scheldt, there were strata equivalent to the Red and 
Coralline Crag of Suffolk, and also a lower and more ancient division, 
known as the Black Crag, and which, probably, formed the first link of 
a downward passage from the Pliocene to the Eocene Pericd, Mr, Scott 
adverted to the Suffolk bone-bed, found below both the Coralline and 
Red Crag, and supposed by some to be the remains of a Black Crag 
which formerly existed on this island, equivalent to the Antwerp one. 
This bone-bed he described as consisting of vast quantities of brown 
phosphatic nodules, the so-called coprolites (from copros and lithos) 
often enclosing fossil crabs and fishes, with large numbers of the teeth 
of giyantic sharks. Under these were broken-up septarian nodules, 
and other so-called ‘‘ rough stones,” the débris, according to Professor 
Owen, of washed-off London Clay. Along with these were the sand-stone 
nodules called box stones, containing the remains of Mollusca, Sharks, 
and Cetacea, which were believed to be identical with the Black Crag 
of Antwerp. 
Associated with these various forms of nodules, many of them 
containing no organic remains, were large numbers of separate bones 
and teeth of land and marine animals, forming altogether as strange a 
giants’ burial ground as they could well conceive, and equally strange 
was the use to which man had turned it, as the principal element of a 
chemical manure. Amongst the most curious fossils in this bed were 
those which were recognized in 1843 by Professor Henslow, of Cam- 
bridge, as the tympanic bones of whales. These whale ear-bones, of 
which Professor Owen had determined several species, were to be 
found at times in such numbers that Professor Henslow told him, when 
he first set some people to collect them, he very soon had something 
like a market-basket full. 
It was now quite established that the bone-bed contained 
bones or teeth of many terrestrial animals, including Sus, 
Rhinoceros, Schliermacheri, Tapirus priscus, Mastodon, Arvernensis, 
