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projects little beyond the surface except above the loop in 
the hollow of the collar or neck, possibly owing to the difficulty 
in clearing out the fine sand or other material from which 
the mould was made. On the side opposite to the loop there 
is at the joint a small V shaped projection, having an edge 
sharp enough to cut bone. 
The surface of the Celt outside is finely granulated except 
where it is covered with a purplish-black patina. Here it is 
quite smooth. This patina is especially noticeable between 
the ribs and round the collar of the Celt, the other parts of 
the faces and sides being of a bronze-green tint. On the 
faces below the pellets there are vein-like marks as if the 
metal had cooled too quickly, or shrunk in cooling. 
Inside the socket the surface is smooth except at the edge 
where the metal has been poured into the mould, and it is 
covered more or less with a dull purplish-black patina, but 
at the bottom of the socket it is of a reddish-brown tint, 
possibly caused by the clay core. I had some difficulty in 
obtaining the inside measurements of the socket, as it is wider 
at the bottom than in the middle, but succeeded by testing it 
with a piece of cardboard cut to shape and bending it so as to 
get to the bottom. 
From measurements I find the socket is 4 inches deep and 
the metal forming the sides and faces of the Celt is from } to 
4 of an inch thick, except at the cutting edge, where it is 
sharp. The loop inside measures 3-16ths by 7-16th of an 
inch, and the same dimensions in thickness and width. 
Some contrivance for keeping the shaft of the handle fast in 
the socket must have been necessary or desirable from the earliest 
times. ‘“‘This was probably done by attaching it with some 
resinous or pitchy cement. A safe remedy against slipping out 
was no doubt found in the addition of the ring or loop to the 

