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composed of comminuted shells, the Professor stated that in his 

 opinion these beds owed their formation to shallow water and 

 •were probably laid down at a depth not exceeding 150 fathoms. 

 There was once a time when a walk could have been made from 

 this hill, without descending any very deep valleys, to Glastonbury 

 Torr ; but owing to the enormous wearing down that had gone 

 on in comparatively recent times the intervening rock had been 

 removed by the action of the sea, rain, river, frosts and carbonic 

 acid until the hill stood out boldly as at present, a monument of 

 past denudation. The geological part of the day's programme 

 having been finished, a traverse was made to the S.W. entrance of 

 the camp and the vallum followed to a projecting spur, whence a 

 magnificent view of the distant Quantocks with the intervening 

 rich lowlands and numerous church towers scattered about was 

 obtained. At this point extra strength has been given to the 

 camp by a series of outworks defending the entrance in this 

 direction in a manner which even military authorities of the 

 present day would acknowledge as well and skilfully carried out. 

 The Secretary, here again referring to the great authorities on 

 these camps, said that this was one of the largest in England, 

 being 210 acres in area and three miles round; and that such 

 strongholds as these, of which there are numerous examples on 

 all our neighbouring hills, were made by the Neolithic people, 

 the Non-Aryans who preceeded the Celts, and by whom the 

 polished stone weapons were made. They were a military 

 people, and wherever there was a weak point to protect it was 

 ahvays defended on scientific principles, such as would guide 

 defenders in the present day. The reasons why these camps 

 were situated on rising ground was due to the fact that in those 

 early days the country was divided into small communities, and 

 when the latter took to fighting among themselves — and the 

 country was " up " either from domestic feuds or from foreign 

 invasion — these upland enclosures served as places of refuge to 

 which they drove their cattle and in which they lived till the 



