319 



birds). Others, however, adhere to the classification of Latreille, 

 H. Homoptera, and H. Heteroptera, and it is with these latter 

 only that we have now to do. 



I must now offer an apology for a word I shall have frequently 

 to use. The common English for this class of insects is " Plant- 

 Bug," and though " Phytiphagous Norfolk Howard " might sound 

 better, it would be less concise. The Americans use the word 

 " bug " for insects in general, just as we make the word " insect " 

 include the Myriopoda and Arachnida. So if an American lady 

 is to be held blameless for calling a beautiful butteriiy a lovely 

 bug, I must consider myseK fully justified in calling a spade a 

 spade. 



The Heteroptera vary considerably from other insects both in 

 their structure and their so-called metamorphoses. 



The mouth of a typical insect may be divided into six parts. 

 First there is an upper lip called the labrum, and a lower lip the 

 labium; but then in place of the upper and lower jaws, possessed 

 by man and other mammals, the one fixed and the other moving 

 up and down, the insect has one pair of upper jaws, mandibles, 

 and one pair of under jaws, maxillse, both of which move from 

 side to side. 



These six parts may be represented thus — 



1 

 2 3 

 4 5 



6 



In which 1 shows the position of the upper lip, 2 and 3 the 

 upper jaws, 4 and 5 the lower jaws, and 6 the lower lip. 



Taking one of the common ground beetles — this is the head as 

 seen from above — the upper lip, the two upper jaws, the two 

 lower jaws, each with a feeler attached, and the lower lip which 

 closes the mouth, with a palpus or feeler on each side of it.* 



It would take up too much time to go from one order to 



* Eeferring to sketches not reproduced. — H. H. "W. 



