369 



laity, beyond those immediately connected with the domain, were, 

 according to the original intentions of the foundation, ever 

 admitted to the church at all. 



2nd The doorways communicating with the Cloisters are 



common to almost all buildings of classes II., III. and IV., and 

 in all cases hold pretty nearly the same relative positions. As I 

 mentioned above, they are usually to the S., but exceptions are 

 found, caused by some peculiarity of the sites chosen for the 

 religious houses. 



The more eastern of the two doorways is usually in the bay 

 adjoining the great transept, and opens opposite the east walk of 

 the Cloister; but there are the following exceptions to be 

 noted; viz., Canterbury, where the east doorway opens out of 

 the transept (facing the south walk), an arrangement entirely 

 «xceptional, as far as I know, in a religious house, and this 

 is little more than a postern. That this is its original position 

 we know from the records of the Martyrdom of St. Thomas of 

 Canterbury. At Peterborough, both east and west doorways 

 are one bay, within the lines of the corresponding walks. This 

 would lead us to infer that originally the transept had a west 

 aisle, as at Ely and Winchester, and that the Cloister garth was 

 smaller. At Westminster, the exact opposite is the case. The 

 east walk of the Cloister is, as it were, cut out of the west aisle 

 of the transept, showing that there was no west aisle to the 

 older church. 



The westernmost doorway is usually opposite the great porch (or, 

 more strictlv speaking, the west Cloister doorway rules the position 

 of that opposite) and depends for its position on the size of the 

 Cloister garth, and not on its distance from the west front which, 

 in the great eastern cathedrals of Norwich, Ely, Peterborough 

 and St. Albans, is often carried many bays west of the Cloister. 

 Between these two doorways there was a considerable difference 

 both in size and treatment in class III., but their richness of 

 detail does not correspond with their size. The smaller were 



