ffiutilated or deformed insect resnlta. When the 

 time arrives for the change to the pupa state, 

 some construct elaborate cocoons, others suspend 

 themselves from twigs, &c., others burrow, all 

 casting the last larval coat when they become 

 chrysalides. Just before the final change, the 

 colour of the chrysalis alters, and through 

 the pupa case the several parts of the future 

 insect may be made out. At last the pupa case 

 bursts, and the /((//y-fiedged insect emerges, with 

 wings of minute size ; these expand as air and 

 fluid are forced through them. The scales at the 

 time of emerging are all of full size. This is 

 an important fact, for some assert that the scales 

 expand together with the wing membrane itself, 

 the air breathed in, entering between the laminae 

 of each scale ; others maintain that the scales 

 are few in number and small in newly-developed 

 insects, but larger and more numerous as the 

 inject advances in age. Both these theories are 

 contrary to fact. If either that portion of the 

 pupa case which covers the wings be removed 

 a few days before the insect emerges, or a 

 wing of a newly-emerged insect be taken, it 

 will be seen that the scales are all of full size, 

 but closely packed together longitudinally and 

 laterally. As the wing membrane expands, 

 they are drawn wider and further apart, until 

 they present the appearance seen in a fully- 

 expanded wing. Experiments made with the puss 

 moth and females of the oak eggar moth, — to 

 determine, in the first case, by what means the - 

 insect dissolved its hard cocoon ; and, in the 

 second, to find out how the males were attracted, 

 -^were iiext described. Several cases oi pai'theno- 



