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The Cliinese number some 400 millions, and the surplus of 

 such a population, if it went actively in for emigration, is suffi- 

 cient to swamp the labour market of the world. Working men 

 are quite alive to this fact. They have in Australia compelled 

 the adoption of laws pi-ohibiting the immigration of Celestials. 

 In America, in " China, Town " in San Francisco, it has been 

 found necessary to adopt measures of increasing stringency. The 

 difficulty there has indeed been created by that demand for 

 " cheap labour " which first brought in the Irish, then the 

 Germans, next the Italians, who were finally dispossessed by the 

 Chinese. Chinamen were brought in by the contractors for the 

 Central Pacific Railway. The fortunes of the contractors were 

 secured, at the expense of that righteousness which exalteth a 

 nation, and a great race difficulty was created. The Americans 

 have another race difficulty on hand, that of the negroes, which 

 was created by the national iniquity of slavery. The fears of 

 the Australian democracy and the attempts of the Americans to 

 rid themselves of the incubus of pro-Chinamen are well founded. 

 The yellow race must be confined to the home of its birth, or only 

 allowed to migrate into those countries like the Indian Archipelago, 

 where the white man can never live except as an exotic. These 

 islands cover an extent equal to half Europe, and they can never 

 bo permanently occupied by Europeans. We may therefore 

 present them to the Chinaman ; and should any further outlet for 

 his energies be required, there are immense possibilities for the 

 settlement of an industrious people in Central Asia. Into these 

 China can pour in the surplus of a population of 300 or 400 

 millions, Russia (which at present practically controls these 

 countries) the surplus of only 1 00 millions. The great struggle 

 of the future will be between the Muscovite and the Mongolian, 

 and until this is settled the Europeans and Anglo-Saxon races 

 will have breathing space. China proper is twenty-two times 

 the size of England, and should be able to maintain twice its 

 present population. India may expand westward to Persia, 

 which has three times the territory of France and a population 

 only only one-and-a half times that of Belgium. 



The chief danger to us lies in the industrial direction. 

 Should the Chinese acquire the arts of civilization as the Japanese 

 have so rapidly done, then, with their cheap labour and rich 

 mineral products, they would be able to deluge us with manu- 

 factured goods at a price against which competition would be im- 

 possible. So it is argued. Such a pessimistic view assumes 

 that the Aryan race will have remained stationary, while the 



