37 
Chinese syllable “Ba, bd, bd, bd,” if properly sung and arranged, 
signifies “‘ Three ladies gave a box on the ear to the favourite of a 
Prince.” We see how much depends here on vocal utterance as dis- 
tinct from mere articulation. M. Terrien de Lacouperie not long since 
announced his belief that Chinese, as now spoken, forms a link between 
the agglomerating Accadian and the Finno-Hungarian divisions of the 
Ural-Altaic linguistic stock. He also maintains that the ancient 
Chinese hieroglyphs known as “ Ku Wen” are derived from the later or 
running form of cuneiform, a_-. G:: the Chinese monarch Dunki or 
Dunkik, who traditionally introduced them into China, is identical 
with the Chaldean king Dungi of ancient Babylonia, who is believed 
to have reigned at least 3,000 B.C. 
The language spoken vy .-.- ..-c2dizns, who are generally credited 
with the invention of the hieroglyphical symbols, subsequently 
developed into the cuneiform or wedge-shaped method of writing, is a 
member of the agglutinative order, to which the majority of existing 
languages belong. These are widely distributed in Polynesia, Australia, 
Northern Asia, Southern India, and Africa. By many philologists the 
incorporating Basque of Pre-Aryan Europe and the polysynthetic 
languages exclusively restricted to the American continent are con 
sidered to be more highly specialised phases of agglutination. Others 
maintain the latter to be wholly different in construction and as 
forming a fourth and perfectly distinct order of languages. By 
agglutination, literally “a much sticking together,” is meant that 
method of forming words by the multiplication of affixes to the root. 
Each word or syllable retains more of its distinctive features, and the 
word can be decomposed, like our familiar compound “ untruthfully,” 
which is an example of this method of word formation. Here the 
prefix “un” is Saxon, as in wndo ; “ true” is derived from the Teutonic 
root trewa ; “ful” from the German voll ; and “ly ” is the residue of our 
adverb “‘like,” A.S., dice. There are numerous phases of agglutination, 
from mere extension of root by simple reduplication to the most compli- 
cated forms of agglomeration. Some are prefix-languages, like the Ba-ntu 
of South Africa, while, as in some Polynesian tongues, the additions 
are postfixed to the root. The Asiatic Accadian wasasimple form. In 
Europe we have the intrusive Turkish and the Finno-Hungarian, the 
most rich, flexible, and polished members of the Ural-Altaic stock, 
characterized by the harmonic scquence of vowels, that is to say, the 
vowels of the accruing affixes are modified so as to harmonise with the 
vowel in the root to which they are loosely jointed. The Pre-Aryan 
Basques, one of the oldest and most interesting races of Europe, now 
found only in the extreme western provinces of France and Spain, 
once spread over a much larger portion of the continent. They have 
been identified with the small, dark, Jong-headed Iberian race, which, 
_ according to Professor Boyd Dawkins, inhabited Wales in the neolith ic 
age, “long before the Celtic vanguard of the Aryans had set foot In 
Britain.” The various dialects of the Eskuaran or Basque family are 
_ still spoken by 600,000 persons in South Europe. The literature dates 
back no farther than the 15th century. The Basques retain many 
primitive ways, and practise a modification of the Carribean custom of 
the couvade. By some the race is allied to the Berbers of North Africa, 
