8 
had leisure to think, and curiosity led to observation, and 
observation to inquiry, and inquiry to discovery, and this finally 
to theory. This gradual development proves that Art unquestion- 
ably preceded Science. Art was the result of trial and experi- 
ments ; Science of observation and thought. Art brought into 
play dexterity and manual skill, whereas Science developed the 
powers of the intellect. Both are of paramount importance and 
value to man, and neither should be set before the other, but 
both should be encouraged and equally cultivated by all But in 
order to prove our case we must ask, which are the Arts to be 
considered and which the Sciences. The Arts have been 
classified as the ‘‘ Primitive,’ the ‘‘ Useful,” and the ‘‘ Fine Arts,” 
—this classification agreeing with their development; the Sciences 
into the “ Abstract,” and the “ Applied,” and those relating to 
whatever is material, and exists, as Geology or Botany. They 
may be, and have been, classified in several other ways, but that 
is a matter of little consequence in our present discussion ; as we 
wish to show the relation of the Fine Arts to those branches of 
Science which treat chiefly of material things. 
The Fine Arts are commonly said to be Painting, 
Sculpture, Architecture, Music, and Dancing. Of these five 
Arts, three are called the ‘“Imitative Arts,’ namely, Paint- 
ing, Sculpture, and Dancing, while Architecture and Music 
have been called “Creative Arts.” Now, taking Painting 
as a convenient name for that style of Art which in any way 
represents scenes, objects, or actions, by delineation of form, and 
the effects of light and shadow upon a surface, all will probably 
admit the origin of this Art to be an instinct of our nature. We 
see it show itself in the rude sketches drawn by children, by the 
untutored savage, as on the tattooed bodies of the Maories of 
New Zealand. Ina more advanced stage are the paintings of the 
Egyptians, who first recorded the remembrance of events by 
pictures representing them, and so, proceeding from suggesting 
ideas, which gradually developed the Art of creating symbols for 
sound, until those characters led up to the elements of sound, 
which we call letters. Thus alphabetic writing grew out of 
Pictorial Art, and it is a curious fact supporting this theory, that 
in ancient Greek the same word Grapfein meant both to paint 
and to write. When language could be represented in this per- 
manent form Science came into existence; for until the facts, 
observed or discovered, had accumulated and could be registered 
for the study and comparison of the philosopher, no real Science 
was possible—not even the science of language. The curious 
inscriptions to be found on the rocks of Mount Sinai, left by the 
ancient Israelites during their forty years’ wandering, may be cited 
as a proof of the multiplicity of symbols required to express facts 
or ideas, until the power of writing was acquired, and superseded 
