ll 
spot, and after a careful examination of all the localities read an 
elaborate series of papers before the Geological Society which 
contained some remarkable results. The gravels in which these 
palzolithic implements were found are at heights far above those 
of the highest river gravels and watersheds of the existing streams, 
or of any which could have flowed with the existing system of 
drainage and configuration of the country. They rise gradually 
towards the south, and could only have been deposited when the 
area of the Wealden stood much higher and was drained by rivers 
flowing northwards. Moreover, these gravels are composed in 
great part of the débris of rocks, which are only found in the 
forest ridges of the great anticlinal of the Wealden. As water 
cannot flow up hill it is evident that this anticlinal ridge must 
have stood high enough to allow of streams, rapid enough when 
swollen by heavy rains or melting snow, to transport coarse gravel 
to the levels at which the present patches of this gravel are 
found containing ‘the palolithic implements. Knowing the 
gradient at which these gravels descend in their northward course, 
it is easy to estimate the height at which the anticlinal ridge and 
the intervening area must have stood to admit of such rivers 
flowing as they must have done. Nor is it difficult to estimate 
from the component of this gravel of the great southern drift the 
number and thickness of the strata above the present surface, 
which must have disappeared by denudation. Prestwich calculates 
the height of the summit of the ridge, which probably then 
formed a low mountain range continuous with the Ardennes, at 
2,800 feet, so that about 2,000 feet must have been removed by 
denudation since the gravels were deposited. And he comes to 
the conclusion that this southern drift is in parts older than the 
Westleton pebble-beds, which, in Norfolk and Suffolk, lie im- 
mediately on the Red Crag, and have been generally considered as 
pliocene. It is unnecessary to say that Prestwich is the highest 
authority on this subject. 
PatTcHES OF GRAVEL ON THE SOUTHDOWNS. 
The evidence has also been greatly strengthened by the subsequent 
discovery by Mr. Worthington Smith of similar gravels, at similar 
or even greater heights, on the chalk downs of Buckinghamshire 
and Hertfordshire. These gravels also contain paleolithic imple- 
ments of the same type, some of which have been found in situ, 
under two or three feet of compact gravel. And here I may say 
a word to point out to the members of this Society the importance 
of examining closely the patches of gravel which occasionally cap 
the hills of the Southdowns at high levels. If the anticlinal ridge 
of the weald really stood at a height of 2,800 feet, as Prestwich 
‘says, it must have thrown off rivers from its southern as well as 
from its northern slopes, and traces of their drifts may be looked 
for at corresponding elevations. I believe that patches of such 
