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tion is conducted in a very careless way, the result being that the 
delicate fragrance of this beautiful flower is to a great extent 
destroyed, but apart from this consideration, the otto so produced 
is a very untrustworthy product by reason of the wholesale way 
in which it is adulterated, both in Bulgaria and in Turkey. 
Recently, efforts have been made to produce this oil from 
roses grown in Germany, and it is probable that by collecting the 
flowers with care, rejecting all the green parts (which contain a 
resinous matter of very deleterious odour) and distilling the 
petals alone, whilst quite fresh, in stills of more rational construc- 
tion, that a product will be obtained which will compete with the 
Bulgarian otto. The amount of land under cultivation in 
Germany is about 180 acres, and, although the trees are still 
young, the harvest of 1892 amounted to 142 tons of blossom ; 
sometimes as much as 23 tons being gathered and worked up in 
one day. In the midst of these German plantations, a factory is 
now erected and fitted up for the manipulation of 1,000 tons of 
roses in three weeks ; rapidity of working being an element of 
success, otherwise the flower suffers loss by evaporation and injury 
by fermentation. 
The Rose is also largely cultivated in the South of France, 
especially in the neighbourhood of Grasse. One manufacturer 
informed me that his crop of 1892 amounted to 1,760 tons of 
flowers. The species of Rose here cultivated is the Losa 
centifolia. The bushes are set in rows, but not so close together 
as to form compact hedges, as in Bulgaria, nor do the plants 
attain such a height. The flowering time begins about mid-April 
and lasts through May to early June. In the province of the 
Alpes Maritimes there are sometimes gathered as many as 150 
tons of roses in one day. At the factories the petals are first 
completely separated from the green parts, and the separated 
petals, of which there are sometimes as much as four tons 
accumulated on the floor at one time in one factory, are then either 
distilled with water for the production of rose-water, or they are 
macerated in warm purified grease, or subjected to the process of 
absorption by cold grease, for the purpose of afterwards obtaining 
the extract therefrom by washing the grease with strong spirit of 
wine. ‘The French otto of rose is generally collected as a by- 
product in the distillation of ‘“ Rose-water.” It has a greater 
consistence than the Bulgarian otto, is more green in colour, and 
is not subject to such extensive adulteration. At Grasse Ib. of 
otto is collected from 8,000 to 10,000lbs. of rose-petals. 
It is evident that the principal difficulty which both th 
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