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Bulgarian and the French manufacturers have to cope with, is 
that of manipuiating great bulks of flowers whilst in the fresh 
state, the period of floration being so very short in comparison 
with the vast crops. It is therefore fortunate for the French 
manufacturers that ‘all the different sorts of plants they grow do 
not blossom at the same time of the year. Thus,the earliest flowers 
appearing are those of the Violet. The variety of violet giving 
the best result is that known as the ‘‘ Donble Parma.” Its per- 
fume is extracted by the process of absorption, as also the follow- 
ing floral perfumes, and in the following order :— 
In March, the Jonquil, a bulbous plant of Oriental origin. 
Its blossoms appear four or five on each stem, and each is picked 
off as it appears. This harvest is of very short duration. 
The flowers of the Mignonette are taken in April, according 
to the warmth of the season. It is anative of Egypt and the 
coast of Barbary. 
From the middle of April until the end of May or the early 
part of June, the time of all hands is very much occupied with 
the orange-flower harvest, both flowers appearing at about the 
same time, and both being treated in the same way. The orange- 
flower yielding by distillation the beautiful product known as 
“ Neroli,” also the much-esteemed orange-flower water. Extract 
of orange-flower is also made by the absorption process and is 
very superior in odour to the distilled oil and water. 
The next crop gathered isthe Jasmin. These flowers are 
produced from July till the middle of October ; those of August 
and September being the richest. The perfume is extracted by 
the cold process of absorption, but in Tunis and ia Algeria there 
are species of jasmin so strongly odoriferous as to yield an 
essential oil by distillation. 
Another late flowering plant of great commercial importance 
in the South of France is the twbéreuse. It there grows in the 
open air, and attains greater perfection that when grown in 
England under glass. This harvest commences about the first 
week in July and lasts till the middle of October. 
The last of the floral odours collected in France is the Cassie, 
the flower of a species of Acaica, native of the West Indies, and 
originally naturalised in Hurope in the Farnesian Gardens at 
Rome, hence its name, Acacia Farnesiana. As grown in the 
districts of Grasse and Cannes the Acacia forms a tree of fifteen 
teet in height, and flowers from October to February. The per- 
fume is extracted by the absorption process. Another Acacia, 
native of Australia,is known as the “ Silver Wattle.” Its flowers 
