36 
and variety of water and marsh plants in the various river valleys. 
Out of the 1680 species of British plants given in the London 
Catalogue (7th Edition), the number of species which have been 
observed in Sussex up to the present time, may be roughly 
stated at 1140, of these fully 80 per cent. may, I think, be 
found within a radius of 10 or 12 miles of Brighton. We may 
note also the different Geological formations to be found in the 
County. There is, first the chalk with its several divisions 
stretching from the extreme west to Beachy Head; then to the 
north of this, the strata known as the Wealden, made up of 
various layers of clay, sandstone, and limestone. Then there are 
the Tertiary formations in the south-east of the County, and 
in a few isolated spots, some of them near Brighton. Now 
all these have their special floras. That of the chalk is particu- 
larly interesting. ‘These bare Downs were once, doubtless, more 
covered with trees than they are at present. Westward there is 
still abundance of vew, holly, juniper, oak and other trees. 
The round-headed Rampion (Phytewma orbiculare) is quite a 
local plant, but so common in places asto lend a tinge of blue 
to the turf. The bee, spider, and the frog orchis are also not 
uncommon. The star, thistle, Centaurea calcitrapa, also a local 
plant, is abundant in places, and in one or two very restricted 
localities may be found the rare Seseli libanotis. Beech and ash 
are the trees which flourish best on the Downs, and in the woods 
may be found many varieties of orchids. About 17 species of 
Orchidacec are recorded from the chalk of Sussex. 
‘Turn we now to the Weald with its clay and sandy soils, its 
woods and commons. In the bog lands we note the Sundew, the 
Cranberry, the bog orchis and the beautiful Gentian, Gentiana 
pneumonanthe. In the woods may be found the Lily of the 
Valley, the Daffodil, and the Columbine. Sibthorpia Europea 
may still be found near Waldron and Heathfield, Genista pilosa 
on Ashdown Forest, Pyrola Media in St. Leonards Forest ; 
Habenaria Albida and Cicendia Filiformis may yet be discovered 
by the diligent botanist, and lastly we may mention the spiked 
Rampion Phyteuma Spicatum, which is found nowhere else but 
in Sussex. 
Ferns, though scarce on the chalk, were formerly abundant in 
the Weald, but while some species, such as Lastrcea Oreopteris 
are still common in places, we may search in vain for 
Hymenophyllum Tunbiidgense, formerly common, and Osmunda 
Kegalis. 
Among marsh plants, Isnardia Palustris, was once to be 
