46 TRANSACTIONS OF TPIE [nOV. 16, 



now retuniing from their travels; hring-ing with them stores of 

 new objects. Hasselquist jiublisiied his narrative in 1757, on liis 

 Eastern travels. Osbeck came home from China, with phmts 

 and animals. Forkal published his " Deftcripliones Anunaliitn)." 

 etc., 1775, rehiting to his observations on the Red Sea and the 

 Desert of Africa. Sparnnm travelled in South Africa and 

 China, and published Mnsniin Carlsonianuin, 1786. Each suc- 

 ceeding edition of Siistema Naturo} became additionally bulky. 



Drury is a name familiar to all entomologists, as the author of 

 beautiful works. He was a wealthy jeweller, and expended large 

 sums on his favorite study — sending out |)ractical collectors in 

 all i)arts of the world to enrich his cabinets with new insects. 

 Mr. Henry Sweathman, one of Drury's collectors, first brought 

 to notice the facts about white ants, ]mblished in the "Philo- 

 sophical Transactions." Martini's great work on general con- 

 chology, now appeared, published in Germany in eleven quarto 

 volumes. Notwithstanding the work was poorly illustrated, it is 

 referred to at the present day as of some value. 



The writers entitled to the designation Linna3an are now 

 enumerated, with one exception. Dr. J. P. Gmelin. The thir- 

 teenth edition of the Systema NahircB, 1788, enlarged and 

 reformed by Gmelin, convinced many naturalists of that day 

 that the time had come for advancement in the methods, now 

 rapidly exhibiting, through the immense accumulation of ma- 

 terial, lamentable incompleteness. Such had now become the 

 condition of zoology. No one man could bo expected to master 

 or revise the entire subject with reference to appropriate and 

 true systematic arrangement. Gmelin was nothing more than 

 a compiler, but he made a satisfactory summary of the knowledge 

 then extant. 



Bonnet, of Geneva, published " 'J'raile d^ Insect ologic, Paris, 

 1745, two volumes, 8vo. Baron DeGeei", in 175^, gave to the 

 world his celebrated "Memoii-s on Insects," seven volumes, 4to. 

 This work has received unqualified ])raise from entomologists of 

 late times. Its views on natural arrangement are of superior 

 merit. The work is, unfortunately, nearly unj)rocurabIe in 

 this country. M. Adanson, " Hldoire NatureUe cles Coqiiilles 

 dn Senegal,'^ Paris, 1757, one volume, 4to, following Listoi-, was 

 one of the first to arrange shells according to the structure of 

 their animal or soft parts. 



J. G. Fussely, "Archives de V IHstoire des I/ifierfcs," Winter- 

 thorne, 1794, 4to. This work is regarded as instructive, and 

 the plates are well executed. 



The narrative style has hitherto prevailed largely. It was now 

 felt that true scientific zoology could not progress without mora 

 consideration for system. 



