OF ORNITHOLOGY 151 



the line of the gonys is often distinct to the very tip of 



the bill ; (they are very variable in shape.) 

 (rradvated, implying that the quills are graded or so arranged 



that each will be shorter than the one next to it. 

 Granivorons, grain-eati ng. 



Granular, composed of small grains or granules. 

 Gregarious, living or assembling together in flocks. 

 (rula region , See Throat. 

 Giillef, See Esophagus. 



H. 

 Habitat, the place or region which any species peculiarly in- 



abits. 

 Hallux, the hind toe. 

 Hamulate," hooked. 



Heel, practically the elbow, the joint of the tibia and tarsus. 

 Horny,' hard, tough, and flexible, like horn. 

 Humerus, the bone of the arm from the shoulder to the elbow. 

 Hybrid,' a cross between two different species. - 

 Hypor/nathoiis, in which the lower mandible is longer than the 



upper mandible. 



I. 

 Imbricate, furnished with scales or plates which overlap each 



other, similar to the shingles upon the roof of a house. 

 Immaculaie, unspotted. 



Impervious, not apparently |)erwoMs or open, shut up. 

 Incised, cut into. 

 Incumbent, where one portion lies upon another (when the 



whole surface of the toes or feet lie upon the ground 



when the bird is standing). 

 Inferior, when below any given line or point, as inferior to the 



median line. 

 Inflated, swelled out, distended. 

 Insistent, — of bird's feet, when only the toes lie upon the 



ground when the bird is standing (or of the hind toe 



when raised above a level of the others just so much 



that only the end of the toe can touch the ground). 

 Interior, within, inside of. 



